重庆地区化妆品不良反应临床特征分析

Clinical characteristics of cosmetic adverse reactions in Chongqing

目的分析2017年重庆地区化妆品不良反应的临床特征,掌握该市的化妆品不良反应情况,为化妆品生产及该市化妆品监管提供参考依据。方法以2017年上传到重庆市化妆品不良反应报告系统的全市化妆品不良反应病例为调查对象(采用SPSS20.0软件进行统计分析)。收集患者的个人信息、病史特点、临床症状、化妆品信息及相关实验室检查结果等,进行临床特征分析。结果2017年重庆市共上报4040例化妆品不良反应病例,每100万人口报告数量为134例,患者女性(95.7%)明显多于男性(4.3%),年龄主要集中在>20~50岁(67.8%)。发生的部位主要在头面部,占93.5%。化妆品不良反应的潜伏期普遍较短,主要集中在3 d以内,类型以化妆品接触性皮炎为主(84.9%),患者的自觉症状主要为瘙痒,其次为灼热感和紧绷感,主要皮损形态为红斑、丘疹、水肿。可疑致敏化妆品主要为护肤类(87.5%)和发用类(3.6%)。对100例患者进行乳酸刺痛试验,其中有18例诊断为敏感性皮肤。有70例患者选择进行斑贴试验,其中5例患者实验结果为阴性,其余均为阳性。当采用不同浓度稀释后斑贴试验阳性反应例数逐步减少。结论重庆地区化妆品不良反应以化妆品接触性皮炎发生率最高,斑贴试验仍是诊断化妆品接触性皮炎的重要检查手段。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of adverse reactions of cosmetics in Chongqing in 2017,and master the adverse reactions of cosmetics in this city,so as to provide reference for cosmetics production and cosmetics supervision in Chongqing.Methods The cases of adverse reactions of cosmetics in Chongqing in 2017 were collected and analyzed by SPSS20.0 software.The personal information,medical history,clinical symptoms,cosmetic information and laboratory examination results were collected and analyzed.Results In 2017,a total of 4040 cases of cosmetic adverse reactions were reported in Chongqing,with 134 cases reported per million population.Female patients(95.7%)were significantly more than male patients(4.3%),and the age was mainly concentrated in>20~50 years old(67.8%).Most of the cases occurred in the head and face,accounting for more than 93.5%.The latent period of adverse reactions of cosmetics was generally short,mainly concentrated within 3 d.The main type of adverse reactions was cosmetic contact dermatitis(84.9%).The main symptoms of patients were pruritus,followed by burning and tension.The main lesions were erythema,papule and edema.Skin care cosmetics(87.5%)and hair care cosmetics(3.6%)were the most suspected allergens.Lactic acid prick test was performed on 100 patients,18 of them were diagnosed as sensitive skin.Seventy patients chose patch test,5 of them were negative,the rest were positive.When diluted with different concentrations,the number of positive cases of patch test decreased gradually.Conclusions The incidence of cosmetic contact dermatitis is the highest in Chongqing.Patch test is still an important examination method for the diagnosis of cosmetic contact dermatitis.