一种节理围岩巷道开挖物理模型试验方法及其应用

A MODEL TEST METHOD ON ROADWAY EXCAVATION UNDER JOINTED ROCK MASS AND ITS APPLICATION

物理模型试验是研究矿山巷道开挖稳定性问题的重要方法,特别是对于深部节理岩体相似模型的制作,难度高,周期长,工艺复杂。为解决这一技术难题,提出了一套节理围岩巷道开挖的物理模型试验方法,依托金川矿区典型的菱块状围岩巷道进行了试验,详细介绍了模型搭建和开挖过程,并将模型试验与现场调查结果进行了对比,主要得到以下几点结论:(1)提出了一种浇-砌混合搭建方法,在模型内圈采用砌块堆砌的方式,外圈选择浇筑的方式,既能体现出节理围岩的结构特征,又能提高试验效率;(2)自主研制了一种巷道开挖装置,通过螺旋牵引拉出预埋模具的方式完成开挖,巷道成型好,扰动小;(3)以金川矿区巷道为原型进行的物理模型试验,真实还原了工程中巷道的变形破坏特征,证明了该方法的科学性、实用性和高效性,为类似模型试验的设计和制作提供了技术参考。

Physical model test is an important method to study the roadway stability,however,it is difficult to build similar models for jointed rock mass because of long period and complicated process.To solve the technical problem,a set of physical model test methods for roadway excavation under jointed surrounding rock are proposed and the experimental procedure is introduced in detail based on typical roadway in Jinchuan mining zone.The main conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1)A mixed pouring-bricking method was proposed.Pouring was adopted in the inner ring of the model,and bricking was used in the outer ring,which can reflect the structural characteristics of jointed surrounding rocks,and improve the test efficiency;(2)A roadway excavation device based on embedded mold and spiral traction was developed independently,which can form the roadway well and slightly disturb the model;(3)The physical model built by roadway in Jinchuan mining area can truly reproduce the structural characteristics of the prototype and fully restore the excavation conditions of the roadway,which proves the higher practicability and efficiency of the method.The paper provides a technical reference for the design and production of similar model experiments.