我国煤矿离层涌突水致灾机理及其防控关键技术研究进展

STATE-OF-THE-ART OF MECHANISM OF WATER INRUSH FROM BED SEPARATION AND KEY TECHNOLOGY OF PREVENTION AND PRE-CONTROL IN CHINA

离层水害严重影响煤矿安全,明确其突水致灾机理及防控技术的研究现状对促进煤矿安全生产具有重要作用。本文系统地总结论述了离层动态发育机制、突水致灾机理和突水预测预控技术3个方面的研究进展。离层随工作面推进过程呈现动态发育的特征,当某一层位离层具备密闭可持续的离层空间、补水通道、稳定的补给水源、突水通道这4个条件后即存在突水致灾的可能。进而,当离层存在上位高强度岩层破断产生的强冲击、离层积水产生的静水压、采场持续性回采活动的强扰动3个动力源中的一个(及以上)时,离层即发生涌突水。对离层水害的治理可从预防和预控两个角度入手,预防手段包括基于实用矿山压力理论、关键层理论构建离层发育层位预判模型及通过调整工作面推进速度和采高、运用绿色开采技术等减缓覆岩的运移和沉降,预控手段包括超前疏放水、钻孔截流、地面排水等。最后,指出了当前离层水害的研究过程中亟待攻克的难题,如积水探测技术不够精准、超前疏放水技术体系不够完善等,并展望了光纤探测技术、"地面+井下"抽疏(截)联动预控方法、一种无损采矿方法等防治离层水害的新方向。

The disaster caused by water inrush from bed separation has a serious impact on the safety of coal mine production.It is important to clarify the research status of its water inrush mechanism and prevention and pre-control technology to promote the process of coal mine safety construction.This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the research progress in three aspects:dynamic development mechanism of water inrush mechanism from bed separation,the prediction and pre-control technology.With the advancing process of the working panel,the bed separation presents the characteristics of dynamic development.When the bed separation of a certain layer has one or more of the three power sources which include stable confined space,stable supply water source,sufficient duration of bed separation space and water inrush pathway,there is the possibility of water inrush disaster.We carry out the treatment of disaster caused by bed separation water from two folds of prevention and pre-control.The prevention measures include building the prediction model of bed separation development based on the theory of transferring beam structure,key strata and rock beam curvature,and changing the overlying strata movement by adjusting the mining speed,cutting height and using green mining technology.The pre-control measures include the layout of geological boreholes for drainage,borehole cutting off and so on.Finally,we point out the problems that need to be solved in the current research process.The water logging detection technology is not accurate enough.The advanced drainage technology system is not perfect.Then we look forward to the new research directions of optical fiber detection,joint pre-control of water pumping(water depressurization,water blocking),non-destructive mining and so on.