海河流域地下水资源特征和开发利用潜力

Groundwater resources of the Haihe River Basin and its development potential

海河流域水资源严重短缺,地下水长期超采是制约社会经济可持续发展的主要瓶颈。开展流域地下水资源及开发利用潜力研究,对支撑服务地下水超采治理、地下水资源可持续利用和生态环境保护都具有重要意义。经系统评价,海河流域天然资源量252.99×10^(8)m^(3),生态水位约束条件下的浅层地下水开采资源量172.98×10^(8)m^(3),可更新的深层水可利用量4.68×10^(8)m^(3)。海河流域山区地下水质量总体较好,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水占比40.83%,平原区浅层地下水质量较差,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水占比14.10%,深层地下水质量优于浅层地下水,Ⅰ~Ⅳ类水占比74.25%。海河流域山区地下水开采潜力总体较小,燕山和太行山北部山区,地下水资源禀赋较差,基本无开采潜力,太行中部山区地下水开采程度较高,无开采潜力或开采潜力较小,太行南部山区地下水资源禀赋良好,开采潜力较大;平原区浅层地下水在不同水文地质单元开采潜力差异较大,山前平原浅层地下水长期超采形成大范围降落漏斗,无开采潜力或潜力较小,中东部平原浅层地下水资源禀赋较差,以微咸水为主,开采潜力较小,山东省鲁北平原区浅层地下水开采程度较低,聊城—德州一带开采潜力较大;雄安新区地下水总体无开采潜力。平原区深层地下水基本无开采潜力。

There is serious shortage of water resources in the Haihe River Basin, and long-term over exploitation of groundwater is the bottleneck for the sustainable social and economical development. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out study on groundwater resources and utilization potential of the river basin, for dealing with the groundwater overexploitation, and ensuring the sustainable use of groundwater resources and the protection of the ecological environment. The systematic evaluation shows that there is 252.99 ×108 m3 of groundwater natural resources in the Haihe River Basin, and 172.98 ×108 m3 of exploitable resources under ecological water level constraints,and 4.68×108 m3 availability of deep water. The quality of groundwater in the mountainous areas of Haihe River Basin is generally good, type Ⅰ-Ⅲ groundwater accounting for 40.83%, and the quality of the shallow groundwater in the plain area is worse;type Ⅰ-Ⅲ groundwater accounts for 14.10%, meanwhile the quality of deep groundwater is better than the shallow groundwater;and type Ⅰ-Ⅳ groundwater accounts for 74.25%. The overall potential of groundwater exploitation in the mountainous areas of Haihe River Basin is relatively small. There is almost no exploitation potential in Yanshan and the north part of Taihang Mountain because of poor groundwater resource. There is no or little exploitation potential in the central part of Taihang Mountain because of a high degree of groundwater exploitation. There is comparatively great exploitation potential in the southern Taihang Mountain because of abundant groundwater resource. The exploitation potential of shallow groundwater in different hydrogeological units in the plain area is quite different. Because of large-scale groundwater drop funnel caused by long-time over exploitation, the shallow groundwater in the piedmont plain has no more exploitation potential. Meanwhile,there is little exploitation potential in the central and eastern plain,with mainly brackish water. Because of a low degree of groundwater exploitation in the Lubei plain, the exploitation potential of Liaocheng-Dezhou is comparatively great. There is no exploitation potential in Xiong’an New District. There is no exploitation potential of deep groundwater in the plain area.