淮河流域地下水资源概况及开发潜力

Groundwater resources and development potential in Huaihe River Basin

淮河流域人均水资源量为475 m^(3),不足全国人均水资源量(2100 m^(3))的1/4,且地下水质量较差,水资源供需矛盾突出,严重制约区域社会经济高质量发展。本研究以水循环理论为指导,利用多期地下水资源调查数据,分析了淮河流域地下水资源量、影响因素及可持续开发利用潜力。分析结果显示:淮河流域水循环过程主要受人工开采影响,导致地下水位持续下降,有效蒸发减弱;淮河流域地下水天然资源量为326.97亿m^(3)/a;流域地下水质量总体一般,平原区孔隙水中Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水占比不足30%,与历史数据对比,水质呈劣化趋势;流域浅层地下水开采潜力呈现南部大于北部、山区大于平原的特征。淮河流域内,江苏全域、安徽沿淮地区浅层地下水开采潜力较大;豫东、鲁西南局部地区浅层地下水已超采,无开发利用潜力;其余地区浅层地下水盈余量较小。研究结果为区域地下水资源科学开发利用提供了地学依据。

The per capita water resources of Huaihe River Basin are 475 cubic meters,which is less than one quarter of the national per capita water resources(2100 m^(3)),and the quality of groundwater is poor.The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is prominent,which seriously restricts the high-quality development of regional social economy.Based on the theory of water cycle,the study analyzes the groundwater resources,influencing factors,sustainable development and utilization potential in Huaihe River Basin by using the data of multi-stage groundwater resources survey.The results as follows:(1)The water circulation process in Huaihe River Basin is mainly affected by artificial mining,which leads to the continuous decline of groundwater level and the weakening of effective evaporation;The natural resources of groundwater in Huaihe River Basin are 32.697 billion m^(3)per year;(2)The quality of groundwater in the basin is generally average,and the proportion of TypeⅠ-Ⅲwater in pore groundwater is less than 30%;At the same time,the water quality is deteriorating compared with the historical data;(3)The exploitation potential characteristics of shallow groundwater in the basin can be summarized as the south is greater than the north and the mountain area is greater than the plain;Jiangsu and Anhui is relatively larger in the Huaihe River Basin;On the contrary,the shallow groundwater in some areas of Eastern Henan and southwestern Shandong has been over exploited and has no potential for development and utilization;Finally,the surplus of shallow groundwater in other areas is small;(4)The results provide a geological basis for the scientific development and utilization of regional groundwater resources.