天津市涉尘企业职业病危害调查分析

Investigation and analysis of occupational hazards in dust related enterprises in Tianjin

目的了解天津市涉尘企业职业病危害情况,为针对性制定监管政策和有效遏制尘肺病高发势头提供科学依据。方法对企业基本概况、职业卫生管理状况、劳动者职业健康状况等进行描述与分析。结果天津市涉尘企业以微小型、制造业和私营企业为主,职业病危害项目申报率不均衡(P<0.01),随企业规模减小,职业卫生全面培训率、企业负责人培训率、职业健康管理人员培训率、职业病危害因素检测全面开展率、检测率均随之降低(P<0.01)。结论天津市应重点监管小微型企业,加强小微型企业职业卫生培训工作,针对不同区域不同规模企业实施分层有效监管,企业承担职业卫生主体责任,确保职业病危害检测和职业健康检查等职业卫生管理措施开展的连续性。

Objective To understand the occupational hazards of dust related enterprises in Tianjin,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating regulatory policies and effectively curbing the high incidence of pneumoconiosis.Methods The basic situation of the enterprise,the occupational health management status,and the occupational health status of the workers were described and analyzed.Results Most of the enterprises exposed to dust in Tianjin were small and micro enterprises,manufacturing enterprises and private enterprises.The reporting rate of occupational hazard items was uneven(P<0.01).As the scale of the enterprise decreased,the comprehensive training rate of occupational health,the training rate of enterprise leaders,the training rate of occupational health management personnel,the comprehensive implementation rate of occupational hazard detection and the detection rate decreased accordingly(P<0.01).Conclusion Tianjin should focus on the supervision of small and micro enterprises,strengthen the occupational health training of small and micro enterprises,and implement hierarchical and effective supervision for enterprises of different sizes in different regions.Meanwhile,enterprises should bear the main responsibility of occupational health,so as to ensure the continuity of occupational health management measures such as occupational hazard detection and occupational health inspection.