2010—2020年沧州地区肺结核的流行病学特征及危险因素分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of tuberculosis in Cangzhou area in 2010-2020

目的探讨2010—2020年沧州地区肺结核的流行病学特征及危险因素。方法收集沧州中西医结合医院2010年1月至2020年12月确诊为肺结核患者325例患者为研究组,同期选择在该院体检的健康成年人348例为对照组。分析325例患者的流行病学特征,并对比两组研究对象的年龄、性别、职业、家庭年收入、婚姻情况、饮酒史、吸烟史、文化程度以及结核病接触史等,分析肺结核发病的危险因素。结果流行病学统计结果发现,325例肺结核患者中≥60岁老年患者占比较高(71.08%),性别方面以男性患者居多(58.15%),患者人群中以农民居多(47.69%),发病季节主要在冬季(40.62%)、春季(29.85%)。单因素分析结果显示,两组在性别、职业、年龄、结核病接触史以及吸烟史的对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现,≥60岁、男性、有吸烟史、农民以及有结核病接触史是肺结核发病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论该地区年龄≥60岁、男性、农民群体容易发病,且春季、冬季为发病高峰时间。针对这些特点制定对应的防控措施,对于肺结核的防治意义重大。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of tuberculosis in Cangzhou from 2010 to 2020.Methods A total of 325 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2010 to December 2020 were selected as the study group.At the same time,348 healthy adults who had a physical examination in the same hospital were selected as the control group.The epidemiological characteristics of 325 patients were analyzed.The age,gender,occupation,annual family income,marital status,drinking history,smoking history,education level and tuberculosis contact history of the two groups were compared to analyze the risk factors of tuberculosis.Results The epidemiological and statistical analyses found that among 325 cases of tuberculosis patients,patients≥60 years old accounted for a relatively high proportion(71.08%).The majority of patients were male by gender(58.15%),and the majority of patients were farmers by occupation(47.69%).The incidence seasons were mainly in winter(40.62%)and spring(29.85%).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in gender,occupation,age,history of exposure to tuberculosis,and history of smoking between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis found that ages≥60 years old,male,history of smoking,farmers,and history of exposure to tuberculosis were risk factors for the onset of tuberculosis(P<0.05).Conclusion In Cangzhou,people aged over 60 years,male and farmers are prone to contract tuberculosis,and the peak time of the disease is in spring and winter.The development of corresponding prevention and control measures based on these characteristics is of great significance for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.