“名片”与唐宋社会

“Calling card”and the Society of Tang and Song Dynasties

“名片”是考察唐宋社会的一个重要出发点。一方面,“名片”本是上下级以及相互交好的官员之间交际通名、公务往来、自荐申敬的媒介;随着科举制度兴起,广大士人的政治价值愈发明彰,成为官场投送“名片”的主力军,是士人阶层分割国家政治权力的历史缩影;另一方面,“名片”最初作为官场交际礼仪的产物,至唐宋时期出现官民共用的现象,是当时官方礼制整体“下移”的重要表现,从而促进了社会各阶层的交际互通。

“Calling card”is an important starting point to investigate the society in the Tang and Song dynasties.On the one hand,“calling card”was originally a medium for communication and official exchanges between superiors and subordinates as well as officials on good terms with each other.With the rise of the imperial examination system,the political value of the intellectuals became more and more obvious,and they became the main force of the officialdom to send“calling card”,which was the historical epitome of the division of the political power of the country by the scholar class.On the other hand,“calling card”was originally a product of official communication etiquette,and it appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties that officials and people shared it,which was a concrete manifestation of the overall“downward”of official etiquette system at that time,thus promoting the communication and intercommunication of the whole social class.