隐藏的贫困:城市家庭基本生活需要和缺失研究

Hidden Poverty in China:The Study of Basic Living Needs and Deprivation in Urban Families

建立解决相对贫困的长效机制是扎实推动共同富裕的重要措施之一,其中相对贫困如何识别和判断是关键问题。本文聚焦中国城市家庭生存和发展的基本需要,采用直接方法分析贫困群体的状况。通过对南京市建邺区的调查,发现城市贫困家庭在日常生活、住房、社会交往和社会融入这三个维度上缺失较为突出,多维度同时缺失也比较明显;从不同人口特征的贫困家庭类型来分析,有未成年人的贫困家庭多维缺失情况最为严重。本文揭示了用收入方法无法透视到的“隐藏的贫困”,为在新的历史条件下制定相对贫困治理的政策提供依据。

To establish a long-term mechanism to address relative poverty is one of the important measures to promote common prosperity,among which how to identify and judge relative poverty is a key issue.This paper focuses on the basic needs for the subsistence and development of urban families in China,and uses a direct method to analyze the conditions of the poor.Through the investigation in Jianye District,Nanjing,we find that the deprivation of urban poor families in the three dimensions of daily life,housing,social interaction and social integration is relatively prominent,and the multidimensional deprivation is also obvious.Through analyzing the types of poor families with different demographic characteristics,the paper finds that the multidimensional deprivation of poor families with adolescents is the most serious.This paper reveals the"hidden poverty"which cannot be seen by the conventional method of income,and provides a basis for formulating the policies for relative poverty governance under the current conditions.