风险、个体化与亚政治:贝克风险社会理论视域下的社会状态与风险应对

Risk,Individualization and Sub-politics:The Social State and Risk Response Under the Beck's Theory of Risk Society

风险是当今时代绕不开的话题。德国社会学家乌尔里希·贝克(Ulrich Beck)的风险社会理论对于我们理解当今社会的风险性具有极强的启发意义。风险社会理论进入国内后,学术界开展了系列研究,但是对于贝克风险社会理论展开专门、深入讨论还较少。本文围绕贝克关于风险、个体化、亚政治三个概念讨论贝克如何界定风险、风险社会,如何论述风险社会中的个体化状态及应对,如何阐述亚政治的概念及其与前两者的关系,并提出对中国的启示。贝克理论虽然不能全部解释中国情况,但对我们仍然有重要启示,我们要对现代化和发展有高度的反思性,发展本土的理论框架,防止个体分化的社会政策,形成开放的决策结构。

Risk is an unavoidable topic in today’s era.Ulrich Beck’s risk society theory is of great enlightening significance for us to understand the risk of today’s society.After the introduction of the theory of risk society into China,studies have been carried out in academic circles,but there are few special and in-depth discussions on Beck’ss theory of risk society.Focusing on Beck’s three concepts of risk,individualization and sub-politics,this paper discusses how does Beck define risk and risk society,how does he discuss the individualized state in risk society and responses,and how does he elaborate the concept of sub-politics and its relationship with the first two.The paper then provides implications to China.Although Beck’s theory cannot fully explain China’s situation,it is still of important enlightening significance for us.We should be highly reflective on modernization and development,develop a localized theoretical framework,prevent the individual differentiation of social policies,and form an open decision-making mechanism.