从文化崛起到文化诱惑——对德国浪漫文化的再思考

From Cultural Rise to Cultural Temptation:A Rethinking of German Romantic Culture

在18、19世纪,当英、法两国进行霍布斯鲍姆所说的双元革命的时候,德国发生了一场影响深远的文化革命。德国人由此在文学、音乐、哲学领域强势崛起,从文化后发民族变成了文化领先民族。被冠以“古典”之名的德国文学、德国音乐、德国哲学,不仅是三座令人景仰的“文化珠峰”,而且富有浪漫色彩、浪漫元素。更为重要的是,这种浪漫精神给德国文化和德意志民族性格打下了深深的烙印。人们甚至追问这是否就是导致德国历史发展偏离西方启蒙“正轨”的原因。正因如此,当今德国学界面对德国的古典或者说浪漫文化遗产的时候不可避免要陷入某种纠结,其民族叙事随之变得十分曲折、含蓄而且巧妙。

In the 18 th and 19 th century,when the dual revolution took place in France and Great Britain,Germany underwent a far-reaching intellectual revolution.Since then,Germany has risen swiftly in literature,music and philosophy,and turned from a latecomer in culture to a vanguard.The"big three"of German culture,namely literature,music and philosophy,all fit into the category of German classic tradition.They are not only three admirable cultural peaks,but also full of Romantic elements and characteristics.More importantly,Romanticism has impacted German culture and national personality in such a profound way that people even question whether Romanticism is the reason for the departure of German historical path from the main tradition of the Enlightenment.As a result,the contemporary German academic circle inevitably caught in a tangle when examining the legacy of German classicism and Romanticism,and gradually developed an evasive,nuanced and subtle national narrative.