近代以来太湖渔船形制嬗变的环境人类学研究

On the Transmutation of Fishing Boats in Taihu Lake since Early Modern Times in the Perspective of Environmental Anthropology

太湖渔船形制的嬗变呈现了太湖资源环境与太湖地方政治、经济、社会互动的历史图景。在人类学整体论视域下,长期生活在太湖这一独特生态环境中以渔业为生的渔民,其所创造和发展的造船与捕鱼技术以及传统手工业、家庭结构、市场、资源环境等构成了一个有机联系的整体,彼此间始终发生着密切的互动关系。其中,资源环境与政治经济之间的逻辑关系并非平行并列或相互孤立,而是层层递进或环环相扣地互为联动。太湖渔船小型化、快速化、高效率的嬗变不仅展示了太湖渔业生产工业化的过程,也反映了因生产目的的变化而引发的对资源环境开发利用程度的加深和资源环境质量变化的方向。

The transmutation of fishing boats in Taihu Lake reveals a historical picture of the interaction between the environment of Taihu Lake and the local politics,economy and society.From the perspective of anthropological holism,the shipbuilding and fishing technology created and developed by fishermen who have lived in the unique eco-environment of Taihu Lake for a long time,with traditional handicrafts,family structures,markets,resources and environments,have combined to form an organically connected whole system,and they always have a close interaction with each other.Among them,the logical relationship between the resource environment and the political economy is not parallel or isolated from each other,but gradually interlocking with each other.The evolution of the miniaturization,rapidness and high efficiency of Taihu fishing boats not only shows the process of industrialization of fishery production in Taihu Lake,but also reflects the improvement in the development and utilization of resources and the environment and the changes in the quality of resources and environment due to changes in production purposes.