“内卷化”与“去内卷化”:民族旅游村寨治理的结构、困境与路径

“Involution”and“Deinvolution”:The Structure,Dilemmas and Approaches of Governance of Ethnic Tourism Villages

以“权力”为分析单位和分析视角来观察,民族旅游开发作为村寨治理的重要内容和权力结构的重要变量,带来了诸多力量“积极”参与村寨治理,然而并没有明显改善村寨治理,而是出现了权力“内卷化”,主要表现在资本参与下的权力异化、权力依附与裹挟下的权力弱化、利益分化下的权力离散等方面。民族旅游开发的村寨治理要实现权力“去内卷化”,既要理顺各权力主体诉求的利益目标,也要充分发挥他们各自的资本优势,在国家力量的支持下,不断加强村民主体性参与力度,引导各种社会力量形成充分合作。应当重塑国家“在场”的村寨公共性目标,强化基于赋能与赋权话语的制度供给,形成“一核多元分层”的权力配置模式,重视运用地方性知识优化基于认同和信任的村寨权力结构。

Taking“power”as the analysis unit and perspective,it is clear that ethnic tourism development,as an important content of village governance and an important variable of power structure,has brought many forces to“actively”participate in village governance.However,it has not significantly improved village governance,while the“involution”of power is mainly reflected in the alienation of power with capital participation,the weakening of power under power dependence and coercion,the dispersion of power under interest differentiation and so on.The village governance of ethnic tourism development should realize the“deconvolution”of power,not only straighten out the interest objectives of various major powers,but also give full play to their respective capital advantages,continuously strengthen the villagers'subjective participation with the support of the national forces,and guide various social forces to realize full cooperation.It is also necessary to reconstruct the village's public goal with the“presence”of the state,strengthen the institutional supply based on empowerment and empowerment discourse,form a power allocation model of“one core with multiple layers”,and pay attention to the use of local knowledge to optimize the village power structure based on trust and identity.