基于低碳环保因素的“前港后厂”钢铁产成品运输网络优化

Optimizing Transportation Network of Steel Products under“Port before Factory”Based on Low-Carbon Environmental Protection Factor

中国大部分钢铁企业深居内陆,出口钢材需远距离运输到港口,再通过海运发往世界各地,故建立港口与钢铁企业的合作关系将尤为重要。与铁路、水路运输相比,公路运输单位换算周转量的碳排放量更高。但中国内陆运输多采用公路运输,这将加剧大气污染。本文提出基于“前港后厂”联运的钢铁产成品运输问题,以加强港口与钢铁企业的合作。为降低运营成本和碳排放量,建立以碳排放成本、运输成本、仓储成本及时间窗惩罚成本最小为目标的钢铁产成品运输网络优化模型;并设计融合和声搜索的环形拓扑结构PSO算法进行求解;最后对仓储成本进行灵敏度分析,以探究其对“前港后厂”模式的影响。结果表明,“前港后厂”模式不仅能有效降低运输网络的总成本和碳排放量,且合理的仓储成本更能加强港口和钢铁企业间的紧密性。

Most of China’s steel enterprises are in the inland,and steel products for export need to be transported to the port by long distance,and then sent to all parts of the world by sea,so the establishment of cooperation between ports and steel enterprises are particularly important.Compared with railway and waterway transportation,the carbon emissions per unit converted turnover of highway transportation are higher.However,inland transportation in China mostly uses road transportation,which aggravates air pollution.This paper puts forward the transportation problem with iron and steel products based on the combined transportation of the“Port before Factory”mode,so as to strengthen the cooperation between ports and steel industries.In order to reduce operation cost and carbon emissions,an optimization model of steel products transportation network is established,which aims at minimizing carbon emission cost,transportation cost,storage cost and time window penalty cost.The particle swarm optimization with ring topology and improved harmony search is designed to solve the model.Finally,the sensitivity analysis of storage cost is carried out to explore its impact on the“Port before Factory”mode.The results show that the“Port before Factory”mode can not only effectively reduce the total cost and carbon emissions in the transportation network,but also enhance the tightness between port and steel enterprises under reasonable storage costs.