容器规格、基质配比对菩提树容器苗生长及生理的影响

Effects of container size and matrix ratio on the growth and physiology of container seedlings of Ficus religiosa

【目的】筛选适合菩提树容器苗生长的最佳容器规格及基质配比,为完善我国北方地区菩提树容器育苗技术提供参考。【方法】采用双因素随机区组试验设计,按照直径和高度设置3种容器规格,以园土、育苗土、珍珠岩、蛭石为基质材料,设置5个水平的基质配比,共15种组合,测定不同处理组合下菩提树容器苗的株高、地径和生物量等生长指标以及叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标,并进行主成分分析及综合评价。【结果】容器规格和基质配比对菩提树容器苗生长规律的影响显著。6-8月为菩提树容器苗株高的速生期,株高以A1B5处理组合(A1:15 cm×20 cm美植袋;B5:20%园土+30%育苗土+10%珍珠岩+40%蛭石)较优;9月为地径增长的速生期,地径生长以A1B4处理组合(B4:40%园土+30%育苗土+10%珍珠岩+20%蛭石)较优。不同容器规格处理中,A1处理下菩提树容器苗的生物量、苗木质量指数极显著高于A2(18 cm×23 cm)、A3(20 cm×30 cm)处理,A2处理下叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标显著高于A1和A3处理,小规格的容器明显有利于菩提树容器苗株高、地径的生长及生物量的累积。不同基质配比处理中,B5处理下生物量、苗木质量指数、高径比等生长形态指标以及叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标均显著高于其他基质配比处理。综合评价结果表明,15个容器规格和基质配比的组合中,A2B5、A1B5组合较优。【结论】随着容器规格的增大,菩提树容器苗的苗木质量指数降低,15 cm×20 cm美植袋最适宜菩提树容器苗生物量的累积,为最佳容器规格。20%园土+30%育苗土+10%珍珠岩+40%蛭石为其最佳基质配比,可以更好地促进菩提树容器苗的生长。

【Objective】The optimal container size and substrate ratio for seedlings of Ficus religiosa L.were explored to provide a reference for improving the container seedlings technique of F.religiosa in Northern China.【Method】A two-factor random block design was adopted,and a total of 15 combinations including 3 levels of container sizes and 5 levels of matrix ratio were designed to study the effects of various factors and their interaction on the growth and physiology of container seedlings of F.religiosa.Using principal component analysis performed a comprehensive evaluation.【Result】The container size and matrix ratio had significant effects on the growth regularity of F.religiosa seedling.June to August was the rapid height growth period,and the treatment of A1 B5(A1:15 cm×20 cm bag;B5:20%garden soil+30%seedling soil+10%perlite+40%vermiculite)was the best.September was the rapid growth period of ground diameter,and the treatment of A1 B4(40%garden soil+30%seedling soil+10%perlite+20%vermiculite)was the best.Under different container sizes,the biomass and quality index of the container A1 were significant higher than the container A2(18 cm×23 cm)and A3(20 cm×30 cm),the chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of container A2 were significant higher than the container A1 and A3.Small size container were obviously beneficial to the growth of seedling height,ground diameter and biomass accumulation.The growth morphology indexes such as biomass,quality index,height-diameter ratio and physiological index such as chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment B5 were significantly higher than those of other treatment under different matrix ratios.The comprehensive analysis result indicated that better treatment was A2 B5 and A1 B5.【Conclusion】With the increase of container size,the quality index of container seedlings of F.religiosa decreased.The 15×20 cm bag was the best container for the biomass accumulation of container seedlings of F.religiosa.20% garden soil+30%seedling soil+10%perlite+40%vermiculite was the best matrix ratio,which could better promote the growth of container seedlings of F.religiosa.