让不可靠叙述“可靠化”--《A&P》之叙述艺术

Deconstruction and Utilization of Unreliable Narration--Arrative Art of A&P

短篇小说《A&P》采用第一人称视角讲故事,产生了不可靠叙述。为规避负面主人公有脱离伦理规范之嫌,准确传达小说要意,小说或穿插第二人称叙述让读者对主人公“我”产生认同,消解不可靠性,或巧妙利用“不可靠”的第一人称叙述让读者细究言外之意。通过对第二人称叙述的召唤交流性、代入性和霸权性研究,对第一人称叙述主观的审美、主观的人物描述、自我认识差异的探讨,得出小说消解或利用不可靠性的用意:反抗工业机械化带来的个性缺失、思想僵化,呼吁自由。

Written from the first-person perspective,the short story A&P conducts unreliable narration.To avoid the negative protagonist's suspicion of violation of ethical norms and accurately convey the essence of the novel,second-person narration is interspersed to acquire readers’approbation of“I”and dispel the unreliability,or the unreliability of the first-person narration is cleverly used to allow readers’scrutinization of the implication.The purposes of the novel to dispel or utilize the unreliability is to resist the lack of individuality,the rigid ideology brought by the industrial mechanization and appeal for freedom,which are confirmed by the study of the calling communication,substitution and hegemony of the second person narration,and the discussion of the subjective aesthetics,the subjective character description and the difference of self-awareness of the first-person narration.