中国四省55岁及以上人群巧克力摄入量与抑郁症状的关联

Association between chocolate intake and depressive symptoms among people aged 55 years and above in four provinces of China

[背景]抑郁对人们的工作生活影响深远,国外有报道食用巧克力有助于改善抑郁情绪,但缺乏国内人群的研究。[目的]分析我国四省55岁及以上人群巧克力摄入量及抑郁症状流行特征,并探讨巧克力摄入量与抑郁症状的关系。[方法]利用2018—2019年"神经系统疾病专病社区队列研究"基线调查数据,包括河北、浙江、陕西及湖南四个省份调查人群的人口特征因素、膳食及老年抑郁量表自测结果,选择55岁及以上人群共8038人作为研究对象。采用老年抑郁量表(GDS-30)判定研究对象的抑郁症状程度,食物频率问卷(FFQ)调查法获得过去12个月的膳食数据。分别运用多重线性回归模型和多因素logistic回归模型分析巧克力摄入量与抑郁症状的关系。[结果]研究对象中男性3469名,女性4569名,出现抑郁症状的人群比例为8.68%。≥65岁人群中出现抑郁症状的比例(9.40%)高于55~64岁人群(7.79%);城市人群抑郁症状检出率(13.20%)高于农村(5.45%);过去一年未吸烟或饮酒的人群抑郁症状检出率(9.32%、9.16%)高于吸烟或饮酒的人群(6.06%、5.90%);不同教育水平、身体活动水平人群中抑郁症状检出率存在差异(均P<0.01)。不同巧克力摄入量组的抑郁症状检出率差异无统计学意义。多重线性回归分析显示男性每周多食用1 g巧克力,其抑郁症状得分增加0.035分,在女性中则不存在关联。多因素logistic回归分析中男性或女性巧克力摄入量与抑郁症状无关。[结论]我国四省55岁及以上人群中约有8.68%的人有不同程度的抑郁症状,未发现巧克力的摄入量与抑郁症状存在关联。

[Background]Depression has a profound impact on sufferer’s work and life.It has been reported that chocolate consumption has a certain effect on depression in foreign countries,but there is a lack of research for Chinese population.[Objective]This study is designed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of and the relationship between chocolate intake and depressive symptoms in people aged 55 years and above in four provinces of China.[Methods]A total of 8038 people aged 55 years and above from Hebei,Zhejiang,Shaanxi,and Hunan provinces were selected as study subjects based on the baseline survey data(including demographic variables,diet,and self-assessed geriatric depression)from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases.The Geriatric Depression Scale-30(GDS-30)was used to determine the degree of depressive symptoms of the study subjects,and the food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)was used to obtain dietary data.Multiple linear regression models and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between chocolate intake and depressive symptoms.[Results]There were 3469 males and 4569 females in the study,and the overall positive rate of depressive symptoms was 8.68%.Higher positive rates of depressive symptoms were found in residents≥65 years of age(vs.55-64 years,9.40%vs.7.79%),urban population(vs.rural population,13.20%vs.5.45%),never smokers(vs.smokers,9.32%vs.6.06%),and never drinkers(vs.drinkers,9.16%vs.5.90%)in the past year;there were also significant differences in the positive rate of depressive symptoms among residents with different education levels and physical activity levels(P<0.01),but not in different chocolate intake groups.The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that an additional intake of 1 g chocolate per week increased GDS-30 scores by 0.035 in men,but there was no such association in women.The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that chocolate consumption was not associated with depressive symptoms in either men or women.[Conclusion]About 8.68%of the people aged 55 years and older in selected four provinces of China have different degrees of depressive symptoms,but no association is found between chocolate intake and depression symptoms.