白星花金龟聚集信息素的分离鉴定及引诱效果

Identification and bioassay of components of the aggregation pheromones of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis

【目的】明确白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis聚集信息素的有效成分,为白星花金龟的绿色防控提供支持。【方法】通过动态顶空法收集白星花金龟雌虫、雄虫和雌雄虫混合挥发物,用气相色谱-质谱(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术对收集的挥发物进行分析鉴定,并利用触角电位(Electroantennogram,EAG)仪和Y型嗅觉仪测定白星花金龟对8种化合物的触角电位和行为选择反应。【结果】白星花金龟雌虫、雄虫和雌雄虫混合挥发物中皆鉴定出8类15种化合物,包括6种烷烃类、2种酚类、2种芳香烃类、1种烯类、1种吡啶类、1种胺类、1种醇类和1种酮类。EAG试验结果表明,白星花金龟对8种化合物都有EAG反应,且不同挥发物间、同种挥发物不同浓度间的EAG反应存在差异。白星花金龟对蒎烷胺、3,4-二甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,3-二甲基苯乙酮和2,6,10,14-四甲基十七烷4种挥发物的EAG反应相对值在1μg/μL时达到最大,对萘、苯并噻唑、百里酚和正十四烷4种挥发物的EAG反应相对值在10μg/μL时达到最大。行为选择反应表明,白星花金龟雌成虫、雄成虫对2,3-二甲基苯乙酮有明显趋向性,选择反应率大于70%,对2,6,10,14-四甲基十七烷、萘、苯并噻唑、百里酚和正十四烷5种物质均表现出显著或极显著的驱避效果,对3,4-二甲基-6-乙基苯酚和蒎烷胺表现出了性别上的差异,雄虫对3,4-二甲基-6-乙基苯酚表现出显著的趋向性,对蒎烷胺表现出显著的驱避性,而雌虫对这2种挥发物却无明显反应。【结论】2,3-二甲基苯乙酮对白星花金龟雌成虫、雄成虫有明显的引诱效果,2,6,10,14-四甲基十七烷、萘、苯并噻唑、正十四烷和百里酚有较强的驱避作用,推测2,3-二甲基苯乙酮是白星花金龟聚集信息素的有效组分。

[Objectives]Effective components of the aggregation pheromones of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis were identified to facilitate the development of green methods for the prevention and control of this pest.[Methods]Volatiles from females,males and both sexes were collected using the dynamic headspace method and identified with GC-MS.An EAG and Y-type olfactometer were used to test the EAG and behavioral responses of adults to 8 compounds.[Results]15 compounds were identified in the volatiles collected from females,males,and both sexes,the main components of which were 6 alkanes,2 phenols,2 aromatic hydrocarbons,1 alkene,1 pyridine,1 amine,1 alcohol and 1 ketone.EAG and behavioral responses of females and males were significantly different to the same concentrations of different volatiles,and to different concentrations of the same volatiles.Relative EAG values to(-)-Isopinocampheylamine,3,4-Dimethyl-6-ethylphenol,1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethenone and 2,6,10,14-Tetramethylheptadecane peaked at 1μg/μL,whereas relative EAG values to naphthalene,benzothiazole,thymol and tetradecane peaked at 10μg/μL.A choice experiment showed that>70%of females and males were attracted to 1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethenone,but that a significant,or very significant,number were repelled,by 2,6,10,14-tetramethylheptadecane,naphthalene,benzothiazole,thymol and tetradecane.Gender differences were apparent in the responses to 3,4-dimethyl-6-ethylphenol and(-)-Isopinocampheylamine;males were significantly attracted by 3,4-Dimethyl-6-ethylphenol and significantly repelled by(-)-Isopinocampheylamine,whereas females had no obvious response to these 2 volatiles.[Conclusion]2,3-Dimethylacetophenone is attractive to both adult female and male P.brevitarsis,whereas 2,6,10,14-Tetramethylheptadecane,naphthalene,benzothiazole,thymol and tetradecane are strongly repellent to both sexes.We suspect that 2,3-Dimethylacetophenone is the active component of the aggregation pheromones of this species.