硫磺粉和皂素废水两种土壤酸性改良法对蓝莓幼苗定植影响的对比研究

A comparative study of effects on blueberry planting by acid soil improvement methods of sulfur powder and saponin wastewater

土壤酸性改良不到位是蓝莓定植死亡率过高的主要原因之一。使用薯蓣皂素提取行业的废弃物资源-强酸性皂素废水为原料,建立了液体土壤酸性改良方法,并与传统的硫磺粉改良法进行了对比研究。结果表明,土壤pH调控的准确性和稳定性是影响蓝莓幼苗存活的关键因素。稀释废水、稀硫酸和10 g硫磺粉处理组可以准确稳定地调控土壤pH在5.5左右,127 d试验周期结束时,3组蓝莓幼苗存活率均为100%,而5、30、50、100 g硫磺粉改良组的土壤pH变化幅度过大,幼苗存活率均为0%。土壤pH适合时,硫磺粉处理组的幼苗生长情况优于稀释废水组和稀硫酸组。10 g硫磺粉处理组的生物量、根体积、根长、株高、叶数、分枝数指标约为稀释废水组和稀硫酸组的两倍。3组处理对土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性的影响较小。总之,土壤pH是影响蓝莓定植存活的关键因素,而硫磺粉可能对蓝莓具有显著的营养作用。

The poor improvement of soil acidity is one of the main problems that lead to high mortality of blueberry.The waste water of diosgenin extraction industry was used as the main raw material of soil improvement,and the liquid method of soil acidity improvement was established.Then it was compared with the traditional method of sulfur powder improvement for blueberry planting.The results showed that the accuracy and stability of soil pH regulation was the key factor affecting the survival of blueberry seedlings.At the end of 127 d,the soil pH of the diluted wastewater,dilute sulfuric acid and 10 g sulfur powder treatments was maintained accurately and stably at about 5.5,and the survival rate of blueberry seedlings in the three groups were 100%,while that in the 5,30,50,100 g sulfur powder group were 0%.The results of growth index analysis showed that when the soil pH was suitable,the seedling growth of sulfur powder group was better than that of dilute wastewater and dilute sulfuric acid groups.The indicators of biomass,root volume,root length,plant height,leaf number,branch number of the 10 g sulfur powder improvement group were about twice as high as those of the dilute wastewater improvement group and the dilute sulfuric acid control group.There was little effect on nitrogen metabolism,phosphorus metabolism and organic matter catabolism by the three groups.In short,the results showed that soil pH was the key factor affecting the survival of blueberry seedling,and sulfur powder should have nutrition effect on blueberry.