国际关系视角下的博物馆对外展览:作用与挑战

International Exhibitions from the Perspective of International Relations:Functions and Challenges

在国际关系视角下,博物馆对外展览既可以被归为服务于一国对外政策的文化外交,也可以被归为致力于长远宏观目标的人文交流。每个对外展览因动因不同,所发挥的作用也不尽相同,但通常作用包括形塑国家形象、搭建沟通桥梁、增进相互理解。与此同时,国内外政治形势、法律框架、国家政策等都是对外展览发生的重要背景和能够发生的决定条件,而展览能否真正改变观众的行为或态度又受到文化偏见的干扰,这就造成了博物馆对外展览影响力的不可控性和缓释性。面对这些挑战,中国博物馆作为民族国家的形象代表,应当致力于在更高层次上将独特性转化成普遍性,以自己的方式表现其他社会和文化同样注重的价值,为推动构建人类命运共同体贡献力量。

From the perspective of international relations,international exhibitions sent abroad by museums can be identified either as cultural diplomacy serving a country*s foreign policy,or as cultural exchanges dedicated to long-term goals.Each exhibition has different roles to play due to different motiva-tions,but mostly they include shaping the image of the country,building a bridge of communication,and enhancing mutual understanding.At the same time,domestic and foreign political situations,legal frameworks,and national policies are all important backgrounds and decisive conditions for the occurrence of these exhibitions,and whether the exhibitions can truly change the behavior or attitude of the foreign audience is also influenced by cultural stereotypes.All these factors result in the uncontrollability and slow release of the international exhibitions*effect.Faced with these challenges,Chinese museums,as representatives of the image of the Chinese nation-state,should strive to transform uniqueness into universality at a higher level,rep-resent in their own way the values that other societies and cultures also endorse,and contribute to building a community of a shared future for mankind.