博物馆展览的叙事性判定

The Definition of Narrativity in Museum Exhibitions

受“叙事转向”思潮影响,展览叙事日渐成为博物馆界的一个研究热点,但“如何判定展览的叙事性”这一关键问题仍然有待厘清。这既需要避免“泛叙事观”对叙事概念的消解,又需要考虑展览传播特性对叙事表征的限定。由整合叙事学、广义叙述学、电影理论三者的观点可知,人物、事件、因果、冲突、价值五要素可在内容层面成为判定文本叙事性(属性与程度层面)的重要依据;而信息以实物和空间为媒介载体,以陈列语言为主要传播方式则应成为展览形式层面叙事性的判定标准。由此,可在学理上为澄清三组含混概念——叙事与非叙事、强叙事与弱叙事、整体叙事与局部叙事——提供一条新的思考路径。

Influenced by the trend of“narrative turn”,exhibition narrative has become a new hot topic in museum studies.However,the key issue of“how to define the narrativity of museum exhibitions”is yet to be clarified.To define the narrativity of exhibitions,it is important to avoid the idea of“narrative is every-where”,and to consider the limitation of exhibitions’communication characteristics on narrative representation.In terms of content,according to Narratology,General Narratology and film theory,the five elements-character,event,cause and effect,conflict and value-should be the basis for defining the narrativity(attribute and degree) of exhibition texts.In terms of form,objects and space as the media carrying information and the language of exhibitions as the main way to spread information should be the basis for defining the narrativity of exhibition texts.In this way,curators will be able to distinguish three groups of ambiguous concepts in theory:narrative and non-narrative,strong narrative and weak narrative,and whole narrative and part narrative.