从文物艺术到历史故事:我国博物馆展陈设计的叙事趋势、原因与反思

From Cultural Relics Art to Historical Stories:Narrative Trends,Reasons and Reflections of Museum Exhibition Design in China

近年来,“了解故事”代替“欣赏珍宝”成为博物馆观众最主要的参观目的。当代博物馆展陈设计亦呈现四种叙事趋势:主题展代替珍品展、语境阐释逻辑代替符号分类逻辑、动态故事代替静态描述以及多元媒介组合代替单一媒介组合。推动展陈“走向”叙事的原因有西方博物馆展陈经验的影响、博物馆“泛艺术化”困境的阻挠和文物身份多元化发展的需要。当下,博物馆人应兼顾“具有中国风格的叙事结构”“以人为焦点的叙事视角”和“规范化展览叙事机制”,努力呈现具有科学阐释逻辑、较高传播效率和理想认知规模的展览。

In recent years,“listening to stories”has replaced“appreciating treasures” to become the main purpose of museum visiting.Museum exhibition design has presented four narrative trends:theme exhibitions replacing cultural relics exhibitions,contextual interpretation replacing symbolic classification,dynamic stories replacing static objects description;multi—media replacing single medium.The reasons that have promoted exhibition narrative include the influence of western museums,the obstruction of the plight of museums“pan-art”,and the need of diversifying the identities of cultural relics.Curators should focus on“narrative structure with Chinese style”,“narrative view with human focus”and“standardized narrative exhibition mechanism” to develop exhibitions with scientific interpretation logic,high communication efficiency and ideal cognitive scale.