乡村振兴背景下农村空巢老人互助养老的困境与出路

Dilemma and Outlet of Mutual Assistance for Rural Empty-Nest Elderly Care Under the Background of Rural Revitalization

改革开放以来,我国城乡二元差异促使大量农村剩余劳动力向城市转移,农村空巢老人数量急剧增加,农村养老服务问题日趋严峻。互助养老模式相较于传统养老模式具有其独特的优势,但该模式在实践过程中面临着资金投入不稳定、供需不平衡、制度建设滞后、传统观念与认知阻碍等现实困境。面对这些难题,须从政府引导、村社支持、村民参与以及社会力量协同四个角度对农村互助养老服务进行干预。政府要做好顶层规划设计,村社须保证实施过程顺利进行,村民应提高参与积极性,社会力量要助推养老服务质量提升,只有这样,才能更好地促进农村空巢老人互助养老服务的有效实施,助力乡村全面振兴。

Since the reform and opening up,dual difference between China’s urban and rural areas has prompted a large number of rural surplus labor to move to cities,the number of rural empty-nest elderly has increased sharply,and the problem of rural elderly care services has become increasingly serious.Compared with the traditional elderly care,the mutual assistance for elderly care has its unique advantages.However,in practice,this model faces realistic difficulties such as unstable capital investment,unbalanced supply and demand,lagging system construction,traditional concepts and cognitive obstacles.In the face of these difficulties,it is necessary to intervene in rural mutual assistance for elderly care services from four perspectives:government’s guidance,village community’s support,villagers’participation,and social force’s coordination.The government should do a good job in the toplevel planning and design,the village community should ensure the smooth implementation process,the villagers should increase their enthusiasm for participation,and the social force should jointly promote the quality of elderly care services.Only in this way can it better promote the effective implementation of mutual assistance for rural empty-nest elderly care services,so as to help the overall rural revitalization.