数字贸易背景下我国数据跨境流动监管规则的构建路径

The Construction Path of China's Cross-border Data Flow Supervision Rules under the Background of DigitalTrade

自由与安全是数据跨境流动的基本原则,“自由流动”是基础原则,“安全流动”是限制原则。在全球数字贸易快速发展的背景下,海量数据的跨境流动对国家安全、企业利益保护、个人隐私保护等带来了一定的挑战。我国目前尚无数据跨境流动的监管规则,在构建中应该考量我国数字贸易及数字产业发展现状、我国数据跨境流动监管现状及我国参与国际规则现状,在三者之间构筑平衡关系。为此,在总体路径上,按照《数据安全法》的分级分类要求,分别就个人数据、商业数据、特种行业数据完善审核机制。在具体路径上,基于我国数字贸易发展现状,建立数据跨境流动保障渠道和提升数据安全保障能力;基于我国数据跨境流动的监管现状,建立多元主体共同参与的监管体系;基于我国参与相关国际规则的现状,提升数据跨境流动监管的国际合作水平。

Freedom and security are the basic principles of cross-border data flow,"free flow"is the basic principle,and"safe flow"is the restrictive principle.In the context of the rapid development of global digital trade,the cross-border flow of massive data has brought serious challenges to national security,the protection of corporate interests,and the protection of personal privacy.China currently has no regulatory rules for cross-border data flow.In the construction,we should consider the development status of China's digital trade and digital industry,the current status of China's data cross-border flow supervision and the status of China's participation in international regulations,and establish a balanced relationship between the three.To this end,in the overall path,in accordance with the classification requirements of the"Data Security Law",the review mechanism should be improved for personal data,commercial data,and special industry data.In terms of the specific path,based on the current status of China's digital trade development,we should establish data cross-border flow guarantee channels and improve data security assurance capabilities;based on the current monitoring status of China's data cross-border flow,we should establish a regulatory system involving multiple entities;based on the status of China's participation in relevant international regulations,we should improve the level of international cooperation in the supervision of cross-border data flows.