“一带一路”沿线国家出入中国国境人员传染病监测结果回顾分析

Retrospective analysis of infectious disease surveillance among people entering and leaving China from the countries along "one Belt and one Road"

目的通过对近年"一带一路"沿线国家出入我国国境的人员传染病监测结果的分析,探讨降低传染病跨国传播潜在风险的策略。方法收集2012—2016年原国家质量监督检验检疫总局发布的传染病监测数据,从世界银行、世界卫生组织和中国"一带一路"官方网站检索各国的社会经济、人口及地理相关资料,进行流行病学描述与关联性分析。结果 2012—2016年,来自"一带一路"沿线国家出入我国国境人员传染病病例检出种类逐年增加,检出量占全部出入境检出传染病例数的比例由2012年的9.9%增加至2016年的33.6%。检出传染病病例数以流感为首位,多来自东亚和东南亚国家;检出的传染病以呼吸道传染病为主;传染病病例来源国地理特征与检出病种数分级的构成有统计学意义(P<0.05);社会人口特征对检出病种数的分级的构成无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论随着"一带一路"倡议的深入推进,应进一步加强对出入境人员的传染病监测,对不同来源国家及不同地理带的出入境人员采取针对性的检疫策略。

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of infectious diseases among the people entering and leaving China from the countries along the "Belt and Road" in recent years,and to explore the strategies for reducing the potential risk of infectious disease transnational transmission. Methods The data of infectious diseases surveillance released by former State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine from 2012 to 2016,and the data on socio-economic,demographic and geographic information of the countries from World Bank,World Health Organization,and Chinese "Belt and Road" official website were collected for epidemiological description and association analysis. Results From 2012 to 2016,the kinds of infectious disease detected from people entering and exiting China from the countries along the "Belt and Road" had increased year by year. The proportion that the number of cases detected from the countries along the "Belt and Road" accounted for the total cases detected had increased from 9.9% in 2012 to 33.6% in 2016. The number of flu ranked first among infectious diseases and mainly came from East Asia and Southeast Asia. The respiratory infectious disease dominated the first absolutely among all diseases. For the infectious disease cases detected from different countries,their countries’ natural and geographical characteristics contributed to the distribution of the ranked number of detected diseases(P<0.05),while no statistical significance was found in the composition distribution of social demographic characteristics to the ranks of the number of detected diseases(P>0.05). Conclusion With the deepening of the "Belt and Road" initiative,frontier surveillance of infectious diseases should be further strengthened,health inspection measures aimed at people from different countries and different geographical areas should be adopted.