需求理论视角下年轻乳腺癌患者生育意愿和忧虑的质性研究

Fertility intension and concern of young breast cancer patients from the perspective of need theory:a qualitative study

目的探讨需求理论视角下年轻乳腺癌患者生育意愿和忧虑相关的感受、体会,关注年轻乳腺癌患者群体的生育需求,为制订个性化的临床决策和支持提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法选择2020年4-7月中山大学肿瘤防治中心的12例年轻乳腺癌患者进行半结构式访谈,通过Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料的编码、分类,提炼主题。结果本研究基于需求理论制订访谈提纲,针对年轻乳腺癌患者进行访并提炼出4个层面的与生育意愿和忧虑相关的感受和体验的主题,分别为自我效能理论下的基本需求与生育忧虑、归属和爱的需求层次下的生育意愿和忧虑、社会角色升华的自我实现需求与生育忧虑、传统文化背景下的生育抉择与忧虑。结论需求理论视角下,角色实现和传统文化对年轻乳腺癌患者生育意愿和忧虑的影响较为明显,诊疗与护理决策时,医务人员需结合患者的社会文化背景给予个性化生育信息支持和护理指导。

Objective To explore the feelings and experiences of young breast cancer patients'fertility intension and concern from the perspective of need theory,pay attention to the fertility needs of young breast cancer patients,so as to provide a basis for making personalized clinical decision and support.Methods From April to July 2020,purpose sampling was used to select 12 young breast cancer patients from the Sun Yatsen University Cancer Center for semi-structured interviews.The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to encode,classify,and refine topics.Results This study drew up an interview outline based on the need theory.This study conducted interviews with young breast cancer patients to extract 4 levels of themes related to the feelings and experiences of the fertility intension and concern,which were the basic needs and fertility concerns under the self-efficacy theory,and fertility intension and concern at the level of need for belonging and love,and self-realization needs and fertility concerns based on the sublimation of social roles,and fertility choice and concerns under the background of traditional culture.Conclusions From the perspective of need theory,role realization and traditional culture have obvious influences on young breast cancer patients'fertility intension and concern.When making diagnosis,treatment and nursing decisions,medical and nursing staff need to give personalized fertility information support and nursing guidance based on the patient's social and cultural background.