汉代墓葬出土鹿角偶人初探

A Study of Antlered Human Figurines from Han Tombs

俑是专供陪葬用的模型明器,又称为“偶人”,在多座汉代墓葬的墓道中发现一类带有鹿角的偶人,造型奇特。通过对长沙马王堆汉墓、长沙望城坡渔阳公主墓、河南淮阳平粮台墓等多座汉代墓葬出土的鹿角偶人进行梳理,从偶人的出土位置、功用、造型、组合方式四方面对其性质进行讨论,认为汉代鹿角偶人与楚式镇墓兽不同,属于镇墓俑中的特殊一类,与武士俑功能相似,主要起镇墓守卫作用。

Yong are pottery figurines of humans or animals made for burials,also known as“human puppet.”Antlered human puppets are a type of pottery figurine found in many Han tombs.This paper examines antlered human puppets unearthed from Han tombs,such as the Mawangdui Han tomb in Changsha,Yuyang Princess tomb in Wangchengpo in Changsha,and the Pingliangtai tomb in Huaiyang of Henan Province,discusses the nature of these figurines from four aspects:the location,the function,the shape and the combination mode.it concludes that antlered human puppets were different from apostrophic beasts of Chu type,and,belonging to a special category of tomb figurines,they played a role of guarding the tombs,like the warrior figurines.