夜郎时期的人群迁徙与马匹贸易

The Migration and Horse Trade During the Yelang Period

贵州威宁中水盆地作为夜郎文明的重要分布区发现并发掘了鸡公山、红营盘、银子坛三处时代相继的青铜文化遗址与墓地,建立了滇东黔西最完整的文化序列。三处遗址的人类牙齿的锶同位素分析结果显示,时代较早的鸡公山、红营盘遗址均为本地人,相当于战国秦汉时期的银子坛墓地发现较多的外来人口。鸡公山、银子坛马牙的锶同位素分析结果显示很大一部分马来自不同地区,可能与文献中记载的滇马和筰马有关,这一发现为研究西南地区早期马匹贸易提供了重要线索。

The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County,Guizhou Province,was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization.This area,which includes sites at Jigongshan,Hongyingpan and Yinzitan,has provided a very integrated chronology,spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou area.To investigate human migration and horse-trading at these Yelang sites,we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites.The results indicated that people at the earlier sites Jigongshan and Hongyingpan were all indigenous,whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery,there was a more immigrant population.Most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances,probably related to the famous Dian and Zuo horses recorded in historical documents,providing more clues for further study on horse-trading in Southwest China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.