19世纪30年代英国灯塔的“国有化”改革

The“Nationalization”Reform of British Lighthouse in the 1830s

19世纪30年代英国灯塔复杂且混乱的多样性制约着英国工业经济的扩张,威胁着英国航运业的安全与发展。在遵循本国灯塔发展历史与传统的既有基础上,英国政府以法规的形式明确了英国灯塔事务的管理权限,通过赋权领港公会赎买私人灯塔实现了英格兰灯塔的统一管理。与此同时,英国政府授予领港公会在全国灯塔管理事务上的控制权,但却保留了灯塔事务的最终裁决权和财务监督权。英国灯塔的国有化改革破除了旧有管理体制束缚,开启了英国灯塔现代化治理的进程,强化了英国政府对海洋公共服务设施的管控,进而为英国航运业和自由贸易的快速发展扫清了障碍。

The complex and chaotic diversity of British lighthouses in the 1830 s restricted the expansion of British industrial economy and threatened the safety and development of British shipping industry. On the basis of following the history and tradition of lighthouse development in the country, the British government clarified the administrative authority of lighthouse affairs in the form of laws and regulations, and realized the unified management of lighthouses in England by empowering the trinity house to buy out private lighthouses. At the same time, the British government granted the trinity house control over the management of lighthouses in the country, but retained the final discretion and financial supervision of lighthouses. The nationalization reform of British lighthouses broke the shackles of the old management system, opened the process of modern governance of British lighthouses, strengthened the British government’s control over marine public service facilities, and then cleared the obstacles for the rapid development of British shipping industry and free trade.