陆地棉种子各物理性状和油脂性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Physical and Fatty Traits of Upland Cotton Seeds

采用二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,对陆地棉7个亲本和21个杂交组合的壳指、仁指、毛籽指、种仁率、仁壳比、含油率、亚油酸和棕榈酸等种子物理性状和油脂性状的遗传效应及其各项相关系数进行分析。结果表明:陆地棉种子各性状受胚、细胞质和母体效应三套遗传体系的控制;壳指、仁指、毛籽指、含油率、亚油酸和棕榈酸以基因型与环境互作效应为主,种仁率与和仁壳比由遗传主效应和基因型与环境互作效应共同控制。含油率与种子各物理性状之间都存在着遗传和表现型负相关;种仁率、仁壳比与亚油酸存在着显著的基因型和表现型正相关,与棕榈酸之间存在着显著或极显著的母体显性、胚加性互作和母体加性互作正相关或胚加性和母体加性互作正相关。因此,可以通过种仁率、仁壳比等种子物理性状间接改良种子含油率和棕榈酸等优质品质性状;7个供试亲本中,以‘新陆早62’为亲本,可同步提高其后代含油率和亚油酸的品质。

Five seed physical traits(hull index,kernel index,seed index,kernel percentage,kernel/hull)and three fatty quality traits(oil content,linoleic acid,palmitic acid)in seven upland cotton parents and 21 hybrid combinations were analyzed for diploid plant seed by use quantitative trait genetic models.The results showed that all the characters of upland seeds were controlled by three genetic systems,namely,embryo,cytoplasm and maternal effect.The gene expressions of the hull index,kernel index,seed index,oil content,linoleic acid and palmitic acid were greatly controlled by the interaction effect of gene×environment,while the kernel percentage and kernel/hull were mainly controlled by the main genetic effet.There were significantly positive correlations of genotype and phenotype between kernel percentage,kernel/hull and linoleic acid,and there were significantly or extremely significant positive correlations with palmitic acid maternal dominance,embryo-additive interaction and maternal additive interaction,or embryo-additive interaction and maternal additive interaction.Therefore,the superior seed oil content and palmitic acid quality traits can be indirectly improved by kernel percentage and kernel/hull.Among the 7 tested parents,‘Xinluzao 62’as the parent can simultaneously improve the oil content and linoleic acid quality of its offspring.