谦逊中的骄傲:源于乡土传统的意大利现代建筑与设计

Pride in Modesty:The Vernacular Tradition of Modern Architecture and Design in Italy

从南部的地中海地区绵延到北部的阿尔卑斯山区,意大利半岛上一直存在着历史悠久的乡土建筑营造传统。该文通过对20世纪意大利建筑与设计转型的不同阶段进行案例解读和分析发现,这些乡土建筑营造传统都曾相继被未来主义、理性主义、自然有机主义等流派吸收采纳并宣传推广。但即便都是"师法传统",这段时期的实践也形成了两条泾渭分明的道路:其一是以BBPR、罗西等为代表的正统学院派主流;其二则是一些重视地方文脉和场地解读的非主流探索。两条道路分野最根本的原因源自于对传统既骄傲珍视而又谦逊敬畏的复杂情怀,也因此对现代意大利城市建设、艺术与手工艺及现代时尚产业的多元化发展产生了潜移默化的影响。

Throughout the southern Mediterranean region to the northern Alps,a long tradition of vernacular building technique has always existed on the Italian peninsula.Through cases study and analysis on the different stages of transformation of Italian architecture and design in the twentieth century,we find that these vernacular architectural traditions have been absorbed and promoted by futurism,rationalism,and natural organicism respectively.But even if they are all"traditional respecting",the practice during this period had formed two distinct roads:one is the mainstream of orthodox academics represented by BBPR and Rossi,etc.and the other is some bottom-up local context reading and site interpretation.The most fundamental reason for the separation of the two roads originates from the complex feelings of pride in modesty of their vernacular tradition,which has subtle influence on the following diversified development of modern Italian urban architecture,design,art and crafts and even fashion industry.