矮小型纯系蛋鸡屠体性状遗传相关及腹脂率与后期产蛋性能的关系研究

Genetic Correlation of Carcass Traits of Dwarf Pure-line Laying Hens and Study on the Relationship between Abdominal Fat Rate and Late Laying Performance

本研究选取北京中农榜样蛋鸡育种有限公司531只2个矮小型纯系(记为A系和B系)为实验素材,其中A系254只、B系277只,在85周龄时屠宰母鸡测定体重、肝脏重、腹脂重、卵巢重、卵泡数、全净膛重等指标,并计算屠宰性状指标的遗传参数,分析腹脂率与其他性状的关联性,统计不同腹脂沉积组后期产蛋性能及其后代2~21周龄体重的差异。结果表明:体重、腹脂重、腹脂率属于中等偏下遗传力,全净膛率和发育卵泡数遗传力较低;腹脂率与发育卵泡数、卵巢重均呈遗传负相关,与体重、肝脏重、全净膛率呈遗传正相关。A系母鸡高腹脂组腹脂率与发育卵泡数呈表型负相关(P=0.855),B系母鸡高腹脂组腹脂率与卵巢重呈表型负相关(P=0.697);高腹脂沉积会导致产蛋后期产蛋数下降,腹脂沉积可影响其后代早期平均体重(P>0.05)。综上,适当控制母鸡腹脂沉积有利于维持后期的产蛋性能,掌握矮小型纯系蛋鸡屠体性状遗传参数,为通过选育手段改善商品代蛋鸡腹脂沉积和后期产蛋性能奠定基础。

In this study, two dwarf pure lines(named as line A and line B) of Beijing Zhongnong Model Laying Hen Breeding Co., Ltd. were used as experimental materials. At 85 weeks of age, the hens were slaughtered to obtain indexes such as body weight, liver weight, abdominal fat weight, ovary weight, follicle number, and clean bore weight. Firstly, the genetic parameters of slaughter traits werecalculated. The correlation between abdominal fat rate and other traits was analyzed Finally, the differences of egg layingperformance and body weight of offspring from 2 weeks to 21 weeks were statistically analyzed by group. The results showed that: The heritability of body weight, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate was lower than the middle heritability, while the heritability of the whole bore rate and the number of developing follicles was lower. Abdominal fat rate has a negative genetic correlation with the number of developing follicles and ovarian weight, and a positive genetic correlation with body weight, liver weight and the rate of complete evisceration. The abdominal fat rate of A-line hens was negatively correlated with the number of developing follicles(P=0.855), while that of B-line hens was negatively correlated with ovarian weight(P=0.697). High abdominal fat deposition will lead to the decrease of egg production in the later stage of laying, and the influence of abdominal fat deposition on the early average body weight of their offspring is not significant(P>0.05).In conclusion, proper control of abdominal fat deposition in hens is beneficial to the maintenance of late laying performance, and to mater the genetic characteristics of abdominal fat rate, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the abdominal fat deposition and late laying performance of commercial laying hens through breeding methods.