病毒中和抗体检测方法研究进展

Advances in approaches for detecting virus-specific neutralizing antibody

疫苗接种在病毒性传染病防控中发挥了重要的作用,有效的疫苗在机体内能够快速诱导高效价的中和抗体,中和抗体水平是衡量疫苗免疫保护效果的关键指标。为应对疫苗的快速研发、大规模临床试验检测以及疫苗接种后人群免疫原性检测的需求,急需建立高灵敏度、高通量的病毒中和抗体评价方法。目前病毒中和抗体检测方法除传统的以活病毒为基础的噬斑抑制法和细胞病变法外,结合新技术发展,已经有很多新的方法,如含有报告基因的重组活病毒的检测方法和以假病毒为基础的中和抗体检测方法等,现对病毒中和抗体检测方法的研究作一综述。

Vaccination is critical for the prevention and control of viral infectious diseases. Effective vaccine can quickly induce high-titer neutralizing antibody in vivo, with its level as a key indicator to evaluate the protective effect of vaccines. It is urgent to establish highly sensitive and high-throughput virus-specific neutralizing antibody evaluation methods to meet the needs of rapid vaccine development, large-scale clinical trials, and immunogenicity analysis post vaccination. In addition to the traditional live virus-based plaque reduction neutralization test and cytopathic effect, novel approaches for detecting neutralizing antibody against virus have emerged with the development of new technologies, such as engineered recombinant live viruses expressing reporter genes and pseudoviron-based neutralization assay. In this article, the methods for detection of virus-specific neutralizing antibody are summarized.