铁基材料钝化膜的电化学半导体性质和测试方法研究进展

Research Progress on Electrochemistry Semiconductor Properties and Test Methods for Passivation Films on Iron-Based Materials

铁基材料因具有较高的力学强度、较好的环境相容性和较低廉的价格等综合性能在日常生活、生产中广泛应用。而铁基材料在多元环境中的长期服役性能取决于其耐受环境侵蚀的能力—耐腐蚀性,这一能力与其表面性质高度相关。为了提高铁基材料的耐腐蚀性,通过添加合金元素的方法发展出了如"不锈钢"、"耐候钢"、"哈氏合金"等不同系列应用于不同场合的材料。添加元素一方面改变了金属的互熔特性,一方面使得铁基材料表面可以形成具有保护性的"钝化膜",进而提高其耐蚀性。铁基材料表面钝化膜通常具有半导体的特性,其性质可以通过电化学分析测试获得。介绍了光电化学响应、交流阻抗等测试方法在钝化膜半导体性质评价方面的研究进展,并介绍了在多种环境下纯铁、纯铬、纯镍和不锈钢上形成的钝化膜的性质。

Iron-based materials are a class of materials which are widely used in daily life and production,benefiting from their higher mechanical strength,better environmental compatibility and lower prices.The long service performance of iron-based materials in various environments depends on their ability to withstand environmental erosion,which means corrosion resistance,and corrosion resistance is highly correlated with its surface properties.In order to improve the corrosion resistance of iron-based materials,alloy elements were added to develop different series iron-based materials for different occasions like stainless steel,weathering steel,Hastelloy or other as ones.The addition of elements not only changed the metal mutual melt characteristics,but also made the iron-based material surface form a protective‘passive film’,thereby enhancing its corrosion resistance properties.The passive film on iron-based material surface usually had the characteristics of a semiconductor,its behavior could be obtained by electrochemical analysis test.In this paper,the methods of photoelectrochemical response and AC impedance were introduced in the evaluation of semiconductor properties of passivation film,respectively,and the performance of passive film formed on pure iron,pure chromium,pure nickel and stainless steel in various environments were discussed.