青海木里高寒矿区生态修复“七步法”种草技术研究

Studyon “Seven-step” Grass Planting Technology for Ecological Rehabilitation of Frigid Zone Muri Mining Area in Qinghai

青海木里矿区经露天开采后,破坏了原有植被和较薄的土壤,脆弱的生态环境遭受严重破坏。为了尽快改善这一问题,实施了新一轮的复绿工程。根据木里矿区现有条件,围绕种草目标,提出了"七步法"种草技术流程:(1)将通过筛选的渣土或就地翻耕捡石改良成厚度为25cm的人工再造土壤基质层(覆土层);(2)修建排水沟,构建排水系统;(3)把每亩用量33m3的羊板粪和平地每亩用量750kg、坡地每亩用量1000kg的有机肥与厚度15cm人工再造土壤基质层采用圆盘耙充分拌和,形成人工再造土壤层;(4)在人工再造土壤层表面撒施与之前相同重量的有机肥;(5)播种;(6)耙耱镇压;(7)铺设无纺布。"七步法"种草技术简化了种草工序,便于施工人员快速掌握和操作,保障了种草质量,降低了成本,节省种草时间,在木里矿区得到了推广,为种草复绿工程按时顺利完成起到了重要的科技支撑作用。

After surface coal mining in the Muri mining area, Qinghai, original vegetation and thin soil have been damaged, and fragile entironment seriously destructed. To rehabilitate the issue as early as possible has carried out a new round revirescence project. According to grass planting available conditions in Muri mining area, considering the object has proposed "seven-step" grass planting technical procedures: 1) bringing screened ore-waste or on the spot ploughed up stone removed waste into 25 cm thick artificial reconstituted soil matrix(covering soil);2) excavating drainage ditches to build water drainage system;3) putting sheep dung 33 m3 per mu and organic fertilizer 750 kg per mu(for level ground), 1000 kg per mu(for slope ground) on 15 cm thick artificial reconstituted soil matrix through rounded harrow fully blended, thus formed artificial reconstituted soil layer;4) on the artificial reconstituted soil layer surface bestrewing with same preceding weight of organic fertilizer;5) sowing seeds;6) harro w and basketry rake leveling and compacting;7) covering with non-woven fabrics. The method has simplified grass planting procedures,convenient for operator quick grasp and operation,ensuring grass planting quality,lowering down cost and saving time. The method has been popularized in Muri mining area,and played a significant role in grass planting and revirescence project completed on time and smoothly.