“感觉的大欺骗”:霍布斯、笛卡尔论梦与世界

“The Great Deception of Sense”:Hobbes and Descartes on the Dream and World

霍布斯的光学思想,及其在这方面与笛卡尔的关键分歧是理解霍布斯人性论的一个关键部分。通过系统考察二者的分歧,以及霍布斯如何借助微动概念,将欲望与感觉理论统合在一起,以克服感觉现象论与运动原因论之间的潜在困难,本文试图初步探讨霍布斯的世界图景与其政治哲学基本原则之间的关系,并指出这一努力与笛卡尔我思形而上学在共同的出发点之后产生分歧的哲学缘由。

The optical theory of Hobbes and its crucial divergences with that of Descartes is a key to understanding Hobbes'theory of human nature.By systematically elucidating the difference between the two theories,and how Hobbes synthesizes his theories of passions and sensations through the concept of endeavour(conatus)in order to alleviate the tension between sensations as phenomena and corporeal motion as their real cause,this essay shall thereby discuss the relation between Hobbes'overall structure of the world and the fundamental principles of his political philosophy,and point out the philosophical reasons why his effort shall lead to such salient discrepancies with Descartes'first philosophy,though they share a common starting point.