庄子与惠施哲学思想之比较

A Comparative Study of Philosophical Ideas between Chuangtzu and HuiShi

庄子与惠施之学在“道”“言”“物”“用”等维度既有明显的理论差异,亦有清晰的内在联系,呈现出“互文”与“对话”的特征。惠子试图依靠名辩的力量,在“道”之外证成“天地一体”观念,以为“去尊”“泛爱”奠定基础;庄子之“道”则欲摆脱宇宙生成论之拘囿,而在本真存在论层面促生“道通为一”的存在视野。惠子将言辩的力量发挥到了极致,并有“两可”的相对化思想倾向;出于对整全之“道”的执守,庄子力陈言辩之限度,以“怀之”的态度申述“两行”之说。“道”的缺失不仅让惠子沉迷于言辩,亦由“历物”而“逐物”,使生命沉沦于物境而不得自宁;庄子以“道”观物而有“齐物”之论,以“心”观物而生“乘物”之说,归乎“游心”之境界。在社会政治层面,惠子倡导“有用”而贬斥“无用”,庄子则通过对“无用之用”的阐述以示“有用”之弊,而申“游世”之旨。

There are obvious theoretical differences and clear inner relations between Chuang-tzu and Huishi in terms of“Dao”“Language”“Things”and“Usefulness”,etc..Huishi tried to rely on the power of debate to prove the concept of“the unity of all-things”without Dao,and lay the foundation of“relieve the authority”and“universal love”;Chuang-tzu committed to get rid of the cosmological characteristics of Dao,and came to an ontological perspective.Through the power of debate,Huishi proposed the relative thought of“hoth are true”.For the sake of the integrity of Dao,Chuangtzu concluded“both are feasible”.The absence of Dao makes Huishi indulge in argumentation and the curiosity of all things,which does not make his life peaceful;Chuangtzu observed the world through Tao,felt the world through his spirit,and attained the realm of“spirit roaming”.In the social and political sphere,Huishi advocated“usefulness”and denigrated“uselessness”while Chuangtzu argued for the purpose of“traveling the world”through the elaboration of“useless”.