论章太炎之“无政府主义”思想发端

On Zhang Taiyan's Originator of Anarchism Thoughts

无政府主义是近代中国颇具影响力的重要思潮之一,近代初期无数的中国人在探求救亡图存道路的过程中,都对“无政府主义”给予了高度的重视,章太炎亦莫能外,他通过观察和研究提出了“独具一格”的“无政府主义”理论。具体地说:西方“无政府主义”的传播,给予章氏创造理论的灵感来源;庄子学中的“齐物”思想,引发了章氏对于“虚无主义”和“无政府主义”的思索;另一方面,墨学中的“兼爱”“绝对自由”等精神丰富了章氏“无政府主义”之内涵;同时,佛学中所谓人世之“苦”与“空无”使章太炎对于人类社会之发展产生了深刻的思考;最终,在社会达尔文理论作用下提出的“俱分进化”论,促使章氏不得不考虑如何趋利避苦,使社会进化之“苦”尽可能地弱化,如此章氏隐晦地提出,且认可了“无政府主义”的合理性。

Anarchism is one of the most important thoughts in modern China.In early time of modern China,countless Chinese people worked hard to explore the road of salvation,they all paid much attention to anarchism.Zhang Taiyan is one of the most important men in modem China's history who also paid much attention to such theory.Specifically,the spread of the theory of“anarchism”,gave him the source of inspiration,while Chuang-tzu's thoughts played an important role in Zhang's theory,making Zhang understand the theory of nihilism and anarchism,meanwhile,Zhang found that Motse's thoughts of“universal love”,“absolute freedom”enriched Zhang's theory of“anarchism”,and at the same time,Buddhism's philosophy,especially the thought of“bitter”made Zhang think deeply of society's development and finally in the effect of theory of social Darwinism,Zhang developed his theory of“All evolution”,so Zhang thought hard the way to hasten benefit and avoid hitter,that's why Zhang accepted anarchism.