从称谓角度看“笔记体小说”与“正史”之书写差异——以《大唐新语》和《旧唐书》为中心

On the Writing Differences between“Literary Sketches”and“Standard History”from the Perspective of Appellation——Focusing on Tang Neologism and Old Tang History

同源关系下的“笔记体小说”与“正史”形成了内容相似而形式相异的文本现象,《大唐新语》和《旧唐书》为其典型案例。《大唐新语》秉持称谓省略的原则,对帝王轶事亦不避讳。《旧唐书》则反复提及人物称谓,尤其注重人物在不同历史时期内的封号、官职等。二者差异之原因在于“笔记体小说”书写轶事篇幅短小,截取历史人物碎片化之事,以文人笔法直笔叙述;“正史”以纪传体的宏大叙事为标准,强调人物生平始末及与其他传记间的互见性,以史笔回护皇室诸事。称谓叙述差异有效地揭示了“正史”与“小说”文体形态之差异。

Under the homologous relationship,“literary sketches”and“standard history”have the same content but different forms.Tang Neologism omitted the appellation.However,Old Tang History repeatedly mentioned the names of characters,especially paying attention to the titles or official positions in different historical periods.The reason for the difference lies in the short length of anecdotes written in“literary sketches”,intercepting trivial things of characters.“Standard history”features the grand narration,emphasizing the characters'life history and the interaction with other biographies.The difference of appellation narration reveals the difference between them.