黑格尔论神性生活的现代处境——以《精神现象学》为中心

Hegel on the Modern Situation of Divine Life

《精神现象学》对哀怨意识的分析表明,基督徒对彼岸天国的盼望受到“上帝死了”这种意识的支配,会在内外两方面导致意识的撕裂;该书对中世纪的教化和启蒙的信仰批判的考察让我们看到,信仰从来不能独善其身,它总是被它的对手改造了,信仰在现代早期甚至成了启蒙的一种变体形式;“宗教”章认为,作为把握真理的一种方式,宗教始终无法摆脱“表象”这种方式的局限,宗教必须以哲学为归宿,否则它是没有出路的。黑格尔在意识体验、文化世界、世界的统一性这三个层面上的宗教思想或许不无可商榷之处,但作为对宗教的现代处境的警示,却不失其独特意义。

The analysis of unhappy consciousness in Phenomenology of Spirit makes clear that believers'hope for the heaven beyond is dominated by the consciousness that his object of God is already dead.This will split the consciousness both inside and outside.The investigation of this book into the culture of Middle Ages and into enlightenment's critique of belief tells us that belief could never stand on its own,it had always been remoulded by its opponent,it became even one variant of enlightenment at early modem time.In the chapter named“Religion”,Hegel thinks that Religion as a form of grasping truth always cannot overcome the defects of representation,belief must take philosophy as its end,otherwise it would find no way out.Hegel's relevant thinking on the levels of the experience of consciousness,the world of culture and the unity of world could be contentious,but this will not eliminate its meaning for reminding us the modem situation of Religion.