容差性、连锁悖论与模糊性理论

Tolerance,Sorites Paradox and Theories of Vagueness

连锁悖论是一种与模糊性谓词有关的悖论。一个关于模糊性谓词的精确理论通常也蕴涵着对连锁悖论的解。但是,如果从连锁悖论的消解出发,却并不需要一个完整的模糊性理论。只需对模糊性谓词的容差性(容忍小幅变化)进行较为充分的阐释,即可说明连锁悖论中的条件前提(或归纳前提)何以为假:该前提并不是对模糊性谓词的容差性的正确刻画。从模糊性谓词的容差性的角度考虑,可以得到对超赋值论的一种新辩护。因为与认知主义和多值逻辑相比,超赋值论在保留模糊性谓词的容差性方面更有优势。

Sorites paradox is a kind of paradox involving vague predicates.A precise theory of vagueness usually implies a resolution to sorites paradox.However,simply for the resolution of sorites paradox,it is not necessary to have a complete theory of vagueness.Some detailed elaboration of the tolerance of vague predicates would be sufficient to show why the conditional or induction premise in the sorites paradox is false:it misrepresented the tolerance of vague predicates.Moreover,if we compare theories of vagueness by consideration of tolerance,then there is a new defense of supervalua-tionism.Since it has more advantage than epistemicism and multi-valued logics when accommodating the tolerance of vague predicates.