水源涵养功能区生态补偿制度的完善与创新——以辽宁省为例

Improving and Innovating the Ecological Compensation System inWater Conservation Areas: The Case of Liaoning Province

生态补偿制度是生态文明制度体系的重要组成部分,对于保障生态产品供给和生态功能区基本公共服务均等化至关重要。辽宁省水源涵养功能区对生态补偿转移支付资金的用途缺乏准确认识,对生态补偿转移支付的额度核算不够科学,过于依赖纵向转移支付而忽略横向转移支付,而且缺乏增强地方财力的渠道。因此,完善生态补偿制度,需要明确生态补偿的目的从而规范转移支付资金的用途,需要针对水源涵养成本和发展机会成本合理计算转移支付的金额,需要明确划分纵向转移支付和横向转移支付的责任,还要实现生态产业与转移支付的有机结合。

Ecological compensation system is an important part of ecological civilization system,which is very important to ensure the eco-product supply and the equalization of basic public services of ecological functional areas.In water conservation functional areas of Liaoning Province,the use of ecological compensation transfer payment funds is not understood accurately,the amount of ecological compensation transfer payment is not scientific,and it relies too much on the vertical transfer payment rather than the horizontal transfer payment,and lacks local financial growth channels.Therefore,in order to improve the ecological compensation system,it is necessary to clarify the purpose of ecological compensation and the use of transfer payment funds.The amount of transfer payment should be calculated according to the cost of water conservation and the cost of development opportunity.The responsibility of vertical transfer payment and horizontal transfer payment should be clearly divided and ecological industry and transfer payment need to be integrated.