培根“新工具”的自然哲学基础

The Natural Philosophical Foundation of Bacon's“New Organon”

对培根的科学方法存在着经验主义和建构主义两种解释,但二者都未曾充分揭示培根哲学的根本性变革所在。培根的“新工具”之新,并不仅仅在于方法,而更在于它的对象,在经验主义或建构主义的方法论建立之前,自然已经被培根预先筹划为可表征和可干预的了。也只有从这个根本视角来考察培根哲学,我们才能理解他思想中内在一贯的脉络,换言之,对培根方法的经验主义解释和建构主义解释都可以在对其自然哲学变革的分析中得以统一起来。培根的自然哲学筹划展现了一个与古代和中世纪宇宙论完全不同的可表象和可操控的自然,我们由此进入了一个世界图景的时代。

There are two interpretations of Bacon's scientific method,which are empiricist interpretation and constructivist interpretation.However,both never reveal the revolutionary characteristic in the philosophy of Bacon.What is new in Bacon's New Organon is not only his method,but also its objects.Before empiricism or constructivism methodology was established,nature had already been pre-planned by Bacon as the thing that is representable and can be intervened.Only from this perspective to examine the fundamental element of Bacon's philosophy,could we understand the coherence of his thought.In other words,the empiricist interpretation and constructivist interpretation of his method can be unified in the analysis of his reform of natural philosophy.Bacon's natural philosophy plan showed a presentative and controllable nature which is different from the one in the ancient and medieval cosmology,and because of that,we have entered the era of world picture.