0~6岁支气管哮喘儿童发病的相关因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the related factors of bronchial asthma in children aged 0-6 years

目的探讨儿童支气管哮喘发病的相关因素,为临床治疗儿童支气管哮喘提供依据。方法随机选取在我院儿科住院的300例0~6岁支气管哮喘患儿为研究组,选取同期300名0~6岁在我科儿保门诊就诊、体检的儿童(没有诊断过支气管哮喘)为对照组。比较两组的一般资料及可疑影响因素;分析研究组的发病季节分布情况、过敏原检测结果;比较研究组部分患儿肺功能检测指标的预计值与实测值。结果研究组男、3~6岁、早产、低出生体重、剖宫产、有过敏性鼻炎史、过敏性皮炎史、家族过敏史及种植花草的儿童占比高于对照组,补充益生菌儿童占比低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的秋季发病率(67.33%)最高。过敏原检测结果显示,研究组中,血清TIgE阳性265例,占88.33%;SIgE阳性196例,占65.33%;吸入性过敏原阳性228例,占76.00%。吸入性过敏原阳性病例中,艾蒿的阳性率最高;吸入性过敏原阳性3~6岁病例中,艾蒿的阳性率最高。除VT外,其他指标实测值均低于预计值(P<0.05)。结论通过对我院儿科住院的支气管哮喘儿童的高危因素进行分析,有助于为榆林地区支气管哮喘的预防、干预提出合理的建议,对儿童支气管哮喘的防治具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

Objective To explore the related factors of childhood bronchial asthma,and to provide basis for clinical treatment of childhood bronchial asthma.Methods A total of 300 bronchial asthma children with aged 0-6 years who hospitalized in the pediatric department of our hospital were randomly selected as study group,in the same period,300 children aged 0-6 years treated and received physical examination in the child care clinic of our department(without diagnosis of bronchial asthma)were selected as control group.The general information and suspected influencing factors of the two groups were compared;the seasonal distribution and allergen detection results in the study group were analyzed;the predicted and measured values of pulmonary function indexes in some children of the study group were compared.Results The proportion of children with male,3-6 years old,preterm birth,low birth weight,cesarean section,allergic rhinitis history,allergic dermatitis history and family allergy history and planted flowers and plants in the study group were higher than those in the control group,children with supplemented with probiotics was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In the study group,the incidence(67.33%)of autumn was the highest.The results of allergen detection showed that 265 children in the study group were positive for serum TIgE,accounting for 88.33%;196 cases were SIgE positive,accounting for 65.33%;228 cases were positive for inhaled allergens,accounting for 76.00%.Among the positive cases of inhaled allergens,Artemisia argyi had the highest positive rate;the positive rate of Artemisia argyi was the highest among the cases with positive inhalation allergens aged 3-6 years.Except VT,the measured values of other indexes were lower than the expected values(P<0.05).Conclusion Through the analysis of high-risk factors of children with bronchial asthma hospitalized in pediatrics department of our hospital,it is helpful to put forward reasonable suggestions for the prevention and intervention of bronchial asthma in Yulin area,which has important theoretical value and practical significance for the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma in children.