瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素价值化利用的研究进展

Research progress on rumen microorganisms in the utilization of lignocellulose as an energy resource

瘤胃是反刍动物消化的第一个腔室,各种微生物(细菌、真菌和原生动物)相互作用将木质纤维素植物生物降解为易于代谢的化合物。瘤胃也是目前自然界公认的木质纤维素高效降解和利用的天然反应器,其真菌和细菌可分泌多种木质纤维素降解酶,在木质纤维素生产生物燃料和化学用品方面具有潜在的价值。因此,本研究在瘤胃内木质纤维降解的微生物及其降解木质纤维素相关酶的基础上,重点综述了瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素生物转化为乙醇、生物化学(有机酸)及沼气等方面的研究进展,旨在为瘤胃微生物和瘤胃酶在木质纤维素价值化利用方面的研究和应用提供新的方法和思路。

The rumen is the first compartment of the digestive tract of ruminants,it functions as a pre-gastric anaerobic fermentation chamber,where are ingested plant material is degraded by various microorganisms(bacteria,fungi and protozoa)and converted into low-molecular-weight chemical compounds which are subsequently absorbed and digested by the animal.The rumen is currently recognized as a natural reactor,where a variety of lignocellulosic degrading enzymes are secreted by fungi and bacteria and the lignocellulose is degraded and utilized efficiently.Replication of rumen processes in vitro has potential value in the production of biofuels and chemical compounds from lignocellulose.Therefore,from the perspective of reviewing which rumen microorganisms degrade lignocellulose and related compounds,this paper focuses on the research progress of rumen microorganisms and organic acid biochemistry in the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol and biogas.In compiling this overview,we aim to provide new methods and ideas for the research and application of rumen microorganisms in the utilization of lignocellulose as an energy or chemical synthesis resource.