“仁者爱人”“《春秋》爱人”与“以仁安人”--董仲舒笔下的“仁”

The Benevolent Love Others,The Spring andAutumn Demands Loving Others and Comforting People with Benevolence--Dong Zhongshu's Benevolence-logy

“仁”学是董子学术的重要部分。董仲舒对“仁”有新诠释。本于“爱人”的传统表述,他明确了“仁”的三层意义:“向他义”描摹了“仁”的方向性,“人类义”限定了“仁”的边界,“天人义”讨论了“仁”的根据和主体。董仲舒用“仁”对《春秋》进行了解读。在解说经传时,他借助“仁”讲明了《春秋》的话题、视野、进路和手段。董子的“仁”适应于《春秋》经中的政治讨论,是因为董子的“仁”具有浓厚的政治意味。从操作角度来讲,“仁”被落实为一系列具体的“仁政”要求。而从概念的塑造来讲,董子描述的“仁”具备了政治所寻求的结构,“向他”、“人类”、“天人”三义分别从不同的角度适应了讨论政治的需要。通过诠释概念、引证经义,董子的“仁”实现了由情感道德向政治意识、政治法则的进一步转变,突出了“仁”的政治内涵。

Benevolence-logy is an important part of Dong Zhongshu'sscholarship.Basing on the traditional understanding“loving others”,hecleared the three kinds of meanings about benevolence:the sense“towardsothers”which described its directivity,the sense“human race”whichdefined its range,and the sense“the heaven and man”which refered to theorigin and subject.Then under the above understanding about benevolence,Dong clarified the themes,horizon,approach and method in The Spring and Autumn.Bearing deep political significance,Dong's benevolence-logyplayed a part in the political study of The Spring and Autumn:in the aspectof actualization,benevolence meaned a series of benevolent policies;and asa concept,benevolence contained political structure,i.e.the senses“towards others”“human race”“the heaven and man”,which talked aboutpolitics in different angles.As the result,Dong's benevolence-logyadvanced further from moral affection to political sense and principle,andhighlighted its political meaning.