安徽铜陵铜尾矿土壤污染评价及综合利用研究

Study on Soil Pollution Evaluation and Multipurpose Utilization of Copper Tailings in Tongling,Anhui

基于安徽铜陵铜尾矿弃置数十年造成的土壤金属污染现象,采集土壤样品754个,运用内梅罗指数法对该尾矿及周边55 km^(2)区域内土壤环境进行金属污染评价,采用Arc GIS绘制污染元素的空间分布状况,并进行综合利用研究。结果表明,目前研究区土壤中累积元素主要为Pb、Cu、Zn和Hg,19.8%的采样点已达到重度污染程度,其中含量较高的污染元素为Cu,集中分布于采区和尾矿废弃地,但并未迁移至下游居民区。针对该区域土壤铜污染问题,可选择香根草作为生态恢复的备用植物,香根草对Cu的富集系数为1.31,可有效降低土壤中Cu元素的含量。本研究为该尾矿金属污染与治理提供科学依据,也为类似矿区提供了参考价值。

Based on the soil metal pollution phenomenon caused by the discarding of copper tailings in Tongling,Anhui for decades,754 soil samples were collected,and the Nemerow index method was used to evaluate the metal pollution of the soil environment in the tailings and surrounding 55 km^(2) area,using ArcGIS GIS Map the spatial distribution of pollution elements and conduct Multipurpose utilization research.The results show that the current accumulated elements in the soil of the study area are mainly Pb,Cu,Zn and Hg,and 19.8%of the sampling sites have reached a severe pollution level.Among them,although the highest content of pollutants is Cu,which is concentrated in mining areas and tailings wastelands,it did not move to downstream residential areas.In view of the problem of soil copper pollution in this area,vetiver can be selected as a backup plant for ecological restoration.The enrichment coefficient of vetiver for Cu is 1.31,which can effectively reduce the content of Cu in the soil.This study provides a scientific basis for the tailings metal pollution and treatment,and also provides reference value for similar mining areas.