论两端外交的战略效能

Understanding the Strategic Functionof Two-Sided Diplomacy

身份两难是指自我在三方关系中因对两个互动对象抱持双重认同但却难以同时兼顾两者而陷入的困局。在国际关系的三方政治中,两端外交的开展方可能面临其与两端对象之间的关系难以兼容的身份两难。为了妥善应对这一问题,需要理解两端外交的战略效能。具体来说,根据两端外交的内部效果和外部效应,可以将两端外交分为四种基本类型:三方间两两正和的共赢型、获益于两端交恶的渔利型、受害于两端交好的自作自受型和三方间两两负和的害人害己型。其中,在两端对象之间的紧张关系未改善或缓和的条件下,两端外交的开展方被两面拉拢的左右逢源注定将演变为被两面拉扯的进退两难;随着这种紧张关系的不断加剧,两端对象还会为了避免直接冲突而将第三方作为二者交锋的“棋子”和“战场”。为了避免这种情况,两端外交的开展方需要克服导致两端对象交恶的渔利短视而对二者关系互动发挥正面作用。作为例证,朴槿惠政府时期的韩国在中美之间的两端外交就分别经历了共赢幻象、渔利冒险、害人害己和自作自受四个发展阶段。以此为鉴,国家行为体在开展两端外交的过程中至少应当在两端对象之间做好及时止盈与固本和扮演积极第三方,以求缓解和预防在此过程中可能面临的身份两难。

Identity dilemma refers to a predicament in which oneself feelsdifficultto take both side into account in a trilateralrelationship.In the trilateral politics of international relations,astate carrying out the two-sided diplomacy may face suchidentity dilemma.In order to properly deal with this problem,it is necessary to understand the strate⁃gic functionof two-sided diplomacy.According to the internal and ex⁃ternal effects,thetwo-sided diplomacy can be divided into four ba⁃sic types.Among them,if the tension between the other two sides has not improved or eased,the two-sided diplomacy is destined to be in a dilemma.In order to avoid this situation,the statecarrying out the two-sided diplomacy needs to overcome the short-sightedness.In⁃stead of making use of the conflict between the two other sides,it should play a positive third-party role in the interaction between the two.