四省蝇类密度控制国家标准应用现状抽样数据分析

SAMPLING DATA ANALYSIS ON APPLICATION OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD“CRITERIA FOR VECTOR DENSITY CONTROL-FLIES”IN FOUR PROVINCES IN CHINA

为对我国现行《病媒生物密度控制水平蝇类》(GB/T 27772-2011)标准的实施状况进行评价,为修订标准、更好地应用标准提供依据,本研究采用抽样问卷调查方式收集湖北、山西、江苏和云南4省的爱卫组织、疾控中心和PCO共3类机构以及重点行业应用标准的情况,分析成效,归纳修订建议。调查结果显示,被调查机构和重点行业知晓该标准的比例分别达到100%、86.50%,接受过该标准培训的分别占93.56%、63.83%。比较3类机构掌握程度,不同级别爱卫办的组间差异无统计学意义,不同类型重点行业的组间差异无统计学意义,但不同级别疾控中心的组间差异有统计学意义,省、地市级/省直管市级的要高于县区级;不同资质PCO公司的组间差异也有统计学意义,通过服务能力资质等级评定的企业要高于无资质的。在标准知识方面,爱卫组织掌握定性指标的正确率总体低于其他机构和重点行业,各类机构和重点行业的组内没有差异。爱卫组织和疾控机构100%使用了标准,应用方式前3位分别是卫生城市(区、县)创建(93.96%)、开展本地蝇类防治达标考核(74.16%)、举办相关技术培训(69.80%);PCO有94.4%使用了标准,应用方式前3位分别是用于与政府或单位签订购买服务的合同条款(85.56%)、作为服务考核的依据(占82.22%)、举办相关技术培训(71.11%);重点行业中有86.5%了解到《标准》对工作场所有要求,其中有96.4%使用了《标准》。应用标准后,83.76%机构认为对业务能力的提升作用很大,86.02%机构和用户认为可促进环境好转,97.16%机构认为该标准能满足蝇类防治工作需求。至于对标准修定的需求,90.21%被调查机构认为可以不修订标准,但不同级别疾控中心存在组间差异,省级、地市级(含省直管市)疾控中心人员认为需要修订的较区县级多,有统计学意义。针对标准执行、修订和使用方面的开放性调查,共归纳出10条建议。总体调查认为本标准发挥了专业规范作用,各项评价指标大体合适;标准得到了广泛应用,产生了良好的社会和经济效益。为更好地应用标准,建议修改时标准语言更通俗化,增加5万以下人口的抽样量,分类制定评价操作指南、不同场所防蝇设施要求等。

To evaluate the implementation status of the current national standard“Criteria for Vector Density Control—Flies”(GB/T 27772-2011)to provide a basis for revision and better applications,sampling questionnaire survey was carried out to collect the implementation status of the Standard from personnel in Patriotic Health Campaign Committee(PHCC),Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)and pest control operators(PCO),and key industries in Hubei,Shanxi,Jiangsu and Yunnan provinces in China.A total of 388 official departments and 259 key industries were enrolled in the survey.All the official institutions(PHCC and CDC)and PCOs have learn about the Standard,and 86.50%key industries had.About 93.56%respondents from official institutions and PCOs have received training,and 63.83%respondents from key industries had.The correct percentages in knowing the Standard among different CDC groups were significantly different,the provincial,prefecture level CDCs have more excellent performance than those in county level.As for PCOs,the licensed ones showed more nice than those unlicensed in learning the Standard.Among these respondents,the correct rate in mastering qualification indicators of the Standard by HPCC is relatively lower than those by other institutions and key industries.All the HPCCs and CDCs implemented the Standard.The top 3 application modes were health city establishment(93.96%),the assessment of reaching the standard for fly control(74.16%)and holding relevant technical training(69.80%).In 94.4%of PCO enterprises,the Standard was usually used to guide the service contracts financed by local government or institutions(85.56%)and service assessments(82.22%)or relevant technical training(71.11%).Among the responded key industries,96.4%ones followed the Standard and 86.5%mastered the details of the Standard,especially for hygiene requirements of workshops.There are several feedback opinions on the Standard from different respondents.83.76%institutional staffs thought the Standard improved the ability of vector control service and environmental protection.97.16%of respondents thought that the Standard can meet the needs of fly control.More provincial or municipal level CDCs appreciated to revise the Standard than district or county level CDCs did.According to the investigations,10 suggestions,for example,more standardized language,terminology or definition,scientific sampling size and practical protocols were formulated to revise the Standard in the future.