我国鸡球虫抗药性现状和抗药机制研究进展

THE PRESENT STATE OF DRUG RESISTANCE AND ITS MECHANISMS RESEARCH PROGRESS OF CHICKEN COCCIDIA IN CHINA

球虫病严重威胁养鸡业健康发展。随着抗球虫药物的使用,鸡球虫的抗药性越来越普遍,增加了该病的防控难度。本文对十年来鸡球虫抗药性调查文献进行了梳理,发现我国各地区鸡球虫对大部分常用药物均具有中度以上的抗药性,华东和华南地区最严重,西北和东北地区的抗药性最弱。在各类药物中,对聚醚离子载体类药物和地克珠利的检测最多,对前者接近一半地区达到完全抗药,而对地克珠利基本为中度抗药,对其他化学合成药物过半数达完全抗药。当然由于地区差异,同一地区仍存在敏感性不同的虫株。各种药物的抗药性产生机制不一样,可能涉及虫体的结构蛋白改变如SAG家族蛋白、细胞膜离子通道、糖或脂肪酸代谢酶如苹果酸脱氢酶或能量代谢酶如细胞色素氧化酶。随着鸡球虫抗药性逐步得到解析,系统监测、科学用药和免疫预防等综合举措将极大消减球虫病对养鸡业的影响,提升经济与社会效益。

Coccidiosis seriously threatens the healthy development of the chicken industry.With the use of anticoccidial drugs,the resistance of chicken coccidia is becoming more and more common,which increases the difficulty of prevention and control of the disease.This paper sorted out the research literature on chicken coccidia resistance in China from 2011,and found that in various regions,coccidia has moderate or complete resistance to most commonly used drugs.However,it is more serious in East China and South China.Coccidia is completely resistant to polyether ionophores,moderately resistant to triazines,and completely resistant to over half of other chemically synthesized drugs.Of course,due to regional differences,there are still different susceptibility strains in the same area.The mechanisms of drug resistance of various drugs are different,which may involve changes in the structural proteins of the coccidia,such as SAG family proteins,ion channels in cell membranes,sugar or fatty acid metabolism enzymes such as malate dehydrogenase,or energy metabolism enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase.With the gradual analysis of chicken coccidiosis resistance and comprehensive measures such as systematic monitoring,scientific medication and immune prevention,the impact of coccidiosis on the chicken industry will be greatly reduced and the economic and social benefits will be greatly improved.